ARMADA ARMAGH. 



263 



cei ved the honour of knighthood. No man ever better 

 deserved his good fortune, or lias a stronger claim on 

 the respect and gratitude of posterity. H is inventions 

 have opened a new and boundless field of employ- 

 ment ; and while they have conferred infinitely more 

 real benefit on his native country than she could have 

 derived from the absolute dominion of Mexico and 

 Peru, they have been universally productive of wealth 

 and enjoyments. " The originality and comprehen- 

 siveness of Sir Richard Arkwright's mind," says Mr 

 Bannatyne, " was perhaps marked by nothing more 

 strongly than the judgment with which, although new 

 to business, he conducted the great concerns his dis- 

 covery gave rise to, and the systematic order and ar- 

 rangement which he introduced into every department 

 of his extensive works. His plans of management, 

 which must have been entirely his own, as no establish- 

 ment of a similar nature then existed, were universally 

 adopted by others ; and, after long experience, they 

 have not yet, in any material point, been altered or 

 improved." Sir Richard was twice married. By his 

 first marriage he had a son, the present Richard Ark- 

 wright, Esq. of Willersley Castle, near Cromford ; by 

 his second marriage lie had a daughter, now Mrs 

 Charles Hurt, of Wirksworth, Derbyshire. Both 

 have numerous descendants. 



ARMADA (Spanish) ; a fleet of ships of war. This 

 term is applied particularly to that great naval arma- 

 ment, which was called the invincible armada, fitted 

 out, in 1588, by Philip II., against queen Elizabeth. 

 It consisted of 150 ships, most of which were of a re- 

 markable size, carrying 2650 guns, and having on 

 Ixxtrd about 20,000 soldiers, and 8000 sailors, besides 

 2000 volunteers of the most distinguished families. 

 This force was to be joined by 34,000 men, assembled 

 in the neighbourhood of Dunkirk. The English 

 navy, at that time, consisted of thirty ships of war ; 

 but it was reinforced by the voluntary exertions of the 

 citizens, commanded by Howard, Drake, Hawkins, 

 and Frobisher, and manned by the most skilful seamen 

 in the world. The loss of their admiral, and a violent 

 tempest, the day after they sailed, retarded, for some 

 time, the operations of the Spaniards ; and, on the 

 voyage, they were harassed by the flying attacks of 

 the English. They arrived on the coast of the Ne- 

 therlands in July, were thrown into disorder by a 

 stratagem of lord Howard, and, in this situation, were 

 attacked with such impetuosity, that it became neces- 

 sary to attempt to return. Contrary winds obliged 

 the Spanish admiral to make the circuit of the island, 

 with the wreck of this magnificent armament. In 

 passing the Orkneys, it was attacked by a violent 

 storm, and only a feeble remnant returned to Spain. 

 Elizabeth struck medals with the motto djftavtt 

 Deus et dissipantur. 



ARMADILLO (dasypus, L.) ; a genus of mammiferous 

 quadrupeds, belonging to the order edentata, inhabit- 

 ing the hotter regions of the American continent. 

 The species comprised within this genus are provided 

 with a remarkable, hard shell, consisting of scales or 

 plates, arranged somewhat like a tessellated pave- 

 ment or coat of mail, covering the head, body, and, 

 in some species, the tail. This shell forms a sort of 

 shield on the head ; a second, very convex, protects 

 the shoulders, and a third is extended over the rump ; 

 while the space intermediate to the two last is occu- 

 pied by a number of parallel plates, united by a strong, 

 flexible membrane, which allows of the necessary 

 flexions of the body. When the animal places the 

 head between the fore feet, and brings the tail and 

 [Kjsterior extremities close together, a ball is formed, 

 which offers a unifonn, solid surface, not pervious to 

 the attacks of birds of prey, nor small quadrupeds. 

 The inferior surface of the body, not covered by the 

 shell, is clothed with a coarse, scattered hair, somfe 



of which, also, appears at different points between the 

 plates or bands of the shell. All the armadillos have 

 a rather pointed snout, long ears, and stout claws ; of 

 the latter, some species have four on the anterior feet, 

 others five : all, however, have five on the posterior 

 feet. They have no incisive or canine teeth, but 

 seven or eight separate, cylindrical jaw teeth, which 

 are only enamelled on the outside. They feed on 

 vegetables, insects,and carrion, have a simple stomach, 

 and no ctecum. But for their peculiar fecundity, the 

 armadillos would be speedily exterminated, as they are 

 sought with great avidity in Guiana, Paraguay, Brazil, 

 &c., on account of their flesh, which is regarded as 

 a great luxury. To obtain these animals, is not so 

 easy as might be supposed, since they burrow with 

 astonishing rapidity, so tliat it is almost impossible 

 to get at them by digging. The hunters are obliged 

 to smoke them out ot their dens. When they appear 

 on the surface, they are easily captured, as they roll 

 themselves into a ball, and remain motionless as soon 

 as approached by a dog, or man. If near a precipice, 

 however, they sometimes elude pursuit by thus rolling 

 themselves up and falling from the top, which they 

 do without receiving any obvious injury. The Indians 

 make use of the shell or covering of these animals, 

 especially of the larger species, in the fabrication of 

 baskets, &c. Like all the animals belonging to this 

 order, the armadillos are slow motioned and harm 

 less; sometimes they are troublesome in gardens, 

 both from the destruction of plants, and the number 

 and extent of the excavations which they form. The 

 species are distinguished from each other, principally, 

 by the number of bands on the trunk of the body, 

 between the shield on the fore shoulders and that on 

 the rump. The species enumerated by Cuvier are 

 dasypus tricinctus, L. (three banded A.), of mid- 

 dling size, found in Brazil and Paraguay ; D. 6 cinctus 

 et 18 cinctus, L. (six banded A.) having the borders 

 of the posterior shield serrated, and the parts not 

 covered by shell furnished with longer and thicker 

 hair than the other species ; D. 7, 8 et 9 cinctus, L. 

 (nine banded A.), having a body fifteen inches long, 

 with a tail of the same length ; and the D. gigas, C. 

 or giant armadillo, which has twelve or thirteen in- 

 termediate bands, and grows to the length of three 

 feet, exclusive of the tail. We have good reason to 

 believe that this species attains to a much larger size, 

 or that there is another species, to which the epithet 

 gigantic is still more applicable than to this. 



ARMAGH ; a county of Ireland, in the province of 

 Ulster, bounded on the south-west of Monaghan ; on 

 the west by Tyrone ; on the north by Lough Neagh ; 

 on the east by Down ; and on the south-east by 

 Lowth. The vicinity of the city is rendered beauti- 

 ful and picturesque by a ge r .tle undulation of hill and 

 dale ; and in this quarter the soil principally consists 

 of a rich loam, interspersed with limestone and lime- 

 stone gravel. The northern part of the county bor- 

 dering on Lougji Neagh consists principally of ex- 

 tensive bogs ot great depth, with a remarkably black 

 soil. On the southern limits extends a range of dark 

 mountains called the Fewes, very little of which has 

 been subjected to cultivation. The rivers of most 

 note in this county are, the Blackwater, which purt- 

 ly separates it from Tyrone ; the Upper Barn, which 

 rises in the county of Down, and discharges itselt 

 into Lough Neagh ; the Callan ; the Canilin ; the 

 Cushier ; the Fleury ; the Fano ; the Newtovvn Hamil- 

 ton ; the Tall water ; the Taro, and the Tynan. The 

 chief lakes are Carlough and Lough Clay. There 

 are also several streams of a minor description, and 

 this abundance of water is extremely beneficial lo 

 various branches of industry, by the facilities it affords 

 to mills and blenching grounds. The manufacture 

 of linen is carried on very extensively, and gives em- 



