284 



ARHACK AIlllAN. 



permanent vassalage to a foreign power, although 

 tin- Moguls and Pcguers had at different times car- 

 ried their arms into tin- li< art of die country. During 

 the reign of Aurengzebe, the unfortunate Sultan 

 Sluijii, his brother ana rival, was basely murdered by 

 Uie Arracan Raja. The Portuguese, sometimes as 

 allies, at others as open enemies, gained an esta- 

 blishment, which only decayed with the general ruin 

 of their interests in Asia. In 1783 (corresponding 

 with the M ugh year 1145), the province was con- 

 quered, after a feeble resistance, by the Uirmese, 

 and was followed by the surrender of Cheduba, Ram- 

 ree, Sandowy, and the Broken Isles. The Mughs 

 subsequently made many efforts to rescue their coun- 

 try, more especially in 1811, under a rebel chief 

 named Kingberring; but were unable to withstand 

 the bravery, discipline, and cruelty of the Birmese ; 

 who even managed to extort a surplus revenue, of 

 which about 18,000 rupees were annually remitted 

 to Ava, for the support of the white elephant and his 

 establishment. Arracan proved the grave of general 

 Morrison's army in 1825, and lias continued equally 

 destructive, even to the native regiments stationed 

 on the sea- coast and among the islands. Its popu- 

 lation is scanty and uncivilized ; it possesses no arti- 

 cle of export but salt ; yields little revenue ; requires 

 a burdensome civil and military establishment ; and, 

 in a merely pecuniary point of view, is a most un- 

 profitable acquisition. The chief diet of the people 

 of Arracan is rice, with fish or vegetables ; those who 

 can afford it eat poultry. Little flesh is eaten, and 

 milk is never used. An article, however, in univer- 

 sal demand, and which is necessarily manufactured 

 only near the coast, is putrescent shrimps and whit- 

 ings, after being aried in the sun, which are pounded 

 in a mortar with crabs, and seasoned with salt. Toddy 

 is drunk by the people of Arracan, both male and 

 female ; but the Birmans, although addicted to the 

 use of spiritous liquors, prefer opium either to chew 

 or smoke, and its use is common to both sexes, and 

 to every class of people. The following cut repre- 

 sents the prevailing costumes of Arracan moun- 

 taineers : 



ARRACK. See Arack. 



ARRAGOX, the realm of, constituted, formerly, the 

 second chief division of Spain, and was composed of 

 U ' j ^"S 1 * 01115 of Arragon, Valencia, and Mallorca, 

 and the principality of Catalonia. Down to the time 

 of the marriage of king Ferdinand the Catholic with 

 Isabella, heiress of Castile, A. formed a kingdom 

 separate from Castile, and comprised not only the 



four countries above named, but also Sicily and Sar- 

 dinia. After the death of Ferdinand, in 1516, it was 

 united for ever with Castile; but the Arragonian 

 provinces retained their privileges, liberties, ana laws, 

 which they lost, almost entirely, after the Spanish 

 war of succession, because they had attached them- 

 selves firmly to Austria ; and the Bourbons, on as- 

 cending the throne, could not forgive the fidelity of 

 the subjects of an enemy. The present province of 

 A. still preserves the title of a kingilinn. It is bound- 

 ed N. by the Pyrenees, N. W. by Navarre, W. by 

 Castile, S. by Valencia, and E. by Catalonia. It 

 contains seventy towns, only eight of which are con- 

 siderable, viz. Saragossa, Albarazin, Ballxistro, Calfi 

 taiud, Darocca, Jaca, Taracnna, and Teruel. Pop, 

 in 1800, 658,630; square miles, 15,503. A part of 

 the country is mountainous, and the soil generally 

 productive, but, in some parts, stony or sandy. The 

 characteristics of the inhabitants are industry, acti- 

 vity, national pride, and courage. 



ARRAIGN, ARRAIGNMENT. To arraign, is to call 

 the prisoner to the bar of the court, to answer the 

 matter charged upon him in the indictment. It is 

 from the Latin ad rationem ponere ; in French, ad 

 reson, or a resn. (See Blackstone's Com. v. 4, p. 

 322 and note.) 



ARRAN (the ancient Brandinos) ; an island on the 

 W. coast of Scotland, in the frith of Clyde and shire 

 of Bute, about twenty-four miles in length and ten 

 in breadth. It is divided into two parishes, Kilbride 

 and Kilmory, and, with the exception of two or three 

 farms, is the property of the duke of Hamilton. The 

 island is indented with several fine harbours, the 

 principal of which on the west side are Blackwater- 

 foot and Loch Ransa, and on the east Broadwick and 

 I -am lash, each of which is the resort of numerous 

 vessels for shelter in stormy weather ; the latter 

 describes a beautiful semicircle, defended by two 

 islets, and would contain 500 sail at once. At the 

 northern extremity of the island is a noted sea-mark, 

 termed the Cock of Arran, and to the southward of 

 Lamlash, a light-house on the isle of Plada. The 

 coast is bold and rugged, the surface hilly, and in- 

 tersected by good roads, and the soil hard and pebbly, 

 though it produces oats, barley, and potatoes in 

 abundance. Marl, lime-stone, iron-stone, free-stone, 

 marble, slates, and blind coal are here in profusion. 

 On the summit of Goatfield, a mountain 2840 feet 

 alx)ve the level of the sea, are found peculiar dia- 

 monds called Arran stones, with some fine specimens 

 of jasper, agate, cairngorum, and Scottish topaz. The 

 white fish and herring fisheries here are flourishing, 

 and employ many hundreds of hands. Excellent 

 salmon and trout abound in the lakes and in the 

 rivers flowing therefrom. The hills afford shelter 

 for wild deer, and pasture for black cattle, of which 

 1000 head are annually transported to the shire of 

 Ayr. Considerable quantities of kelp used to be 

 manufactured here. The Gaelic was the only lan- 

 guage spoken till lately, but the English is now pretty 

 generally used, twelve schools having been esta- 

 blished on the island for teaching it. Invalids resort 

 hither for the benefit of its salubrious air and the ex- 

 cellence of the whey from goat's milk. Broadwick 

 castle stands upon an eminence overlooking Broad- 

 wick bay, amidst fine plantations. It was anciently 

 an important fortress, but is now somewhat modernized 

 and occupied by the agent of the duke of Hamilton. 

 Some places retain the name of Fingal, of whom and 

 Ossian tradition still speaks, and it is said that the 

 latter died here. It also afforded refuge to Robert 

 Bruce and his faithful followers during his adverse 

 fortune. Several cairns and Druidical temples lie 

 scattered over the island. Population of the island 

 in 183I,6J27. 





