BAILZIE BAIUD. 



381 



pensation, but merely for the benefit of the bailer, he 

 is answerable only for gross negligence ; but if the 

 bailment is for the mutual benefit of both parties, the 

 thing must be kept with the ordinary and usual care 

 which a prudent man takes of his own goods ; but if 

 it be delivered for the benefit of the bailee only, he 

 must exercise strict care in keeping it, and will be 

 answerable for slight negligence. A special agree- 

 ment is made in many cases of borrowing or hiring, 

 specifying the risks assumed by the borrower or hirer ; 

 and, in such case, his obligations will be determined 

 by his stipulations. Pledging and letting for hire are 

 species of bailment. There is an excellent essay on 

 the Law of Bailment by Sir William Jones. 

 BAILZIE, or BAILLIE, William, a physician of the 

 15th century, was a native of Scotland. After being 

 educated in his native country, he went to Italy, where 

 he studied medicine with such reputation as to be 

 made rector, and afterwards professor of medicine in 

 the university of Bologna, about the year 1484. In 

 his theory he adopted the Galenic system in prefer- 

 ence to the Empiric, and wrote " Apologia pro Galeni 

 doctrina contra Empiricos," Lyons, 1552, 8vo. Mac- 

 kenzie thinks that he also wrote a book entitled, " De 

 Quantitate Syllabarum Graecarum, et de Dialectis," 

 1600, 8vo. 



BAINBRIDGE, John, an eminent astronomer and ma- 

 thematician, born at Ashby-de-la-Zouch, in Leices- 

 tershire, in 1582. He studied at Cambridge, whence, 

 having taken the degree of M. A., he returned to 

 his native place, set up a grammar school, and at the 

 same time practised physic, devoting his leisure to the 

 science of mathematics. He at length removed to 

 London, and was admitted a fellow of the College of 

 Physicians. " A description of the Comet of 1618," 

 which he published, was the means of introducing 

 him to Sir Henry Savile, who had founded an as- 

 tronomical lecture at Oxford, and who in 1619, ap- 

 pointed Dr Bainbridge to the professorship. He 

 then entered as a master commoner at Merton Col- 

 lege, where in 1631, he was nominated reader of 

 Linacre's medical lecture. He died in 1643, while 

 engaged in publishing corrected editions of the works 

 of the ancient astronomers, an undertaking which 

 was one of the duties enjoined on him as Savilian 

 professor. His only published works, besides that 

 already mentioned, are " Procli Sphaera, Ptolemaei 

 de Hypothesibus Planetarum Lib. sing." together with 

 " Ptolemaei Canon Regnorum," 1620, 4to ; and " A 

 Treatise on the Dog Star," 1648. He left some as- 

 tronomical dissertations, and a considerable quantity 

 of other manuscripts, which are preserved in the 

 library of Trinity College, Dublin. 



BAIRAM, or BEIRAM ; the Easter of the Moham- 

 medans, which follows immediately after the Rham- 

 azan or Lent (a month of fasting), and lasts three 

 days. This feast begins, like the Rhamazan, as soon 

 as the new moon is announced by the persons ap- 

 pointed for that purpose, and, during the course of 

 thirty-three years, takes place in all the seasons and 

 all the months of the year, because the Turks reckon 

 by lunar years. It is the custom, at this feast, for infe- 

 riors to make presents to their superiors. This cus- 

 tom formerly extended even to the Europeans, who 

 were obliged to make presents to men of rank, to 

 the pachas and the cadis. The grand seignior is 

 also accustomed to distribute favours and presents. 

 Sixty days after this first great Bairam, begins a 

 second the lesser Bairam. They are the only two 

 feasts, the celebration of which the Mohammedan 

 religion prescribes to the faithful. 



BAIRD, (the Right Honourable, General Sir) David, 

 a distinguished British commander, was born in Scot- 

 land, and entered the army, December 16, 1772, as 

 an ensign in the second foot, joined the regiment at 



Gibraltar, April, 1773, and returned to Britain in 

 1776. Having been promoted to a lieutenancy in 

 1778, he immediately after obtained a company in tlie 

 73rd, a regiment then just raised by lord Macleod, 

 with which he sailed for India, and arrived at Ma- 

 dras, January, 1780. After distinguishing himself as 

 a captain in the wars against Hyder Ally, he re- 

 ceived on the fifth of June, 1789, the majority of the 

 71st regiment, and in October obtained leave of ab- 

 sence, and returned to Britain. In 1791, he return- 

 ed as lieutenant-colonel of the 71st, and joined the 

 army under the marquis Cornwallis. As commander 

 of a brigade of Sepoys, he was present at the attack 

 of a number of Droogs, or hill-forts, and at the siege 

 of Seringapatam, in 1791 and 1792 ; and likewise at 

 the storming of Tippoo Sultaun's lines and camps in 

 the island of Seringapatam. In 1793, he commanded 

 a brigade of Europeans, and was present at the siege 

 of Pondicherry. He received a colonelcy in 1795. 

 In October 1797, he embarked at Madras with his 

 regiment for Europe ; in December, when he ar - 

 rived at the Cape of Good Hope, he was appointed 

 brigadier-general, and placed on that staff, in com- 

 mand of a origade. June 18, 1798, he was appointed 

 major-general, and returned to the staff hi India. 

 In January, 1799, he arrived at Madras, in command 

 of two regiments of foot, together with the drafts of 

 the 28th dragoons. May 4, he commanded the 

 storming party at that distinguished action, the as- 

 sault ot Seringapatam ; when, in requital of his bril- 

 liant services, he was presented by the army, through 

 the commander-in-chief, with the state sword of 

 Tippoo Sultaun, and also with a dress-sword from 

 the field-officers serving under his immediate com- 

 mand at the assault. 



, The eminent merit of brigadier-general Baird being 

 now fully known to the government at home, he was 

 in 1800, appointed to the command of an expedition 

 against Batavia, but which was afterwards sent to 

 Egypt He landed at Cosier in June, crossed the 

 desert, and, embarking on the Nile, descended to 

 Grand Cairo ; whence he set out for Alexandria, 

 which he reached a few days before it surrendered 

 to general Hutchison. Next year he led the Egyp- 

 tian-Indian army overland to India, where he was 

 concerned in various military transactions. His ser- 

 vices, however, being soon after superseded by Sir 

 Arthur Wellesley, in a manner no ways creditable to 

 the then existing administration, and which was only 

 eventually justified by the splendid successes of Sir 

 Arthur, he sailed for Britain with his staff, March, 

 1803, and after a tedious voyage, during which he 

 was taken prisoner by a French privateer, but after- 

 wards retaken, he arrived in England in November. 



Sir David Baird was received at the British court 

 with great distinction. In December, he received 

 the royal permission to wear the Turkish order of 

 the Crescent. In June, 1804, he received the hon- 

 our of knighthood, and on the 18th of August follow- 

 ing became a knight companion of the Bath. With 

 the increased rank of lieutenant-general, he com- 

 manded an expedition which sailed in October, 1805, 

 for the Cape of Good Hope. Landing there, Janu- 

 ary 6, 1806, he attacked and beat the Dutch army, 

 and on the 18th received the surrender of the colony. 

 Being recalled, he arrived in Britain, April, 1807, and 

 was shifted from the colonelcy of the 54th, which he 

 had held for some years, to that of the 24th, and 

 placed on the foreign staff under general lord Cath- 

 cart. He commanded a division at the siege of Co- 

 penhagen, where he was twice slightly wounded ; 

 and returned with the army in November. 



After a short period of service in Ireland, Sir David 

 sailed in command of an armament of 10,000 men for 

 Corunua, where he arrived in November, 1 808, and 



