3S2 



BAIRDSTOWN -BAKER. 



formed ;i juiirtion with th*> army under general Sir 

 John Moore, lie commanded the first division of 

 (liat anny, ami in the battle of Corunna. January 16, 

 18O9, he lost his left arm. By the death of Sir 

 John Moore in this action, Sir David succeeded to 

 the chief command, and had the honour of communi- 

 r:uing intelligence of the victory to government. 

 On (his occasion, he received, for the fourth time in 

 his lite, the thanks of parliament, and, April 18, was 

 created a liaronet, with very honourable armorial 

 hearings, allusive to the transactions of his life. 

 After this period, he never again appeared in active 

 service. In 1810, he married Miss Preston Camp- 

 bell, of Ferntower and Lochlane, Perthshire, by 

 whom he left no issue. In 1814, he was promoted 

 to the rank of general, and in 1819 became governor 

 of Kinsale in Ireland, and in 1827, of Fort George 

 in the north of Scotland. This brave veteran died 

 at an advanced age, August 18, 1829, at his seat of 

 Femtower in Perthshire. His lady, who survives 

 him, has designed a monument to his memory on the 

 top of a romantic hill, named, Tom-na-chaistel (i. e. 

 the hill of the castle), in the neighbourhood of Fern- 

 tower. An interesting life of him has recently been 

 published by Mr Theodore Hook. 



BAIRDSTOWN; a post-town of Kentucky, and capi- 

 tal of Nelson county, on Beech Fork river; 35 miles 

 S. W. Frankfort, 60 W. S. W. Lexington; Ion. 

 86 1(X W. ; lat. 37 49' N. ; population in 1810, 820. 

 It contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, a 

 church, and a flourishing Roman Catholic college, 

 styled the college of St Joseph, which is under the 

 care of the Roman Catholic bishop of Kentucky, and 

 has about 200 students. The college edifice is of 

 brick, four stories high. 



BAIPS, or DK BAY, Michael, born 1513, at Melin, 

 in Hainau, educated at Louvain, in 1551, made pro- 

 fessor of theology at this university, in 1563 or 1564, 

 chosen a member of the council of Trent, was one of 

 the greatest theologians of the Catholic church in 

 the 16th century. He founded systematic theology 

 directly upon the Bible and the Christian fathers, 

 leaving the scholastic method. He had read the 

 writings of St Augustine nine times, and had fully 

 adopted the views of that father, whose doctrines of 

 the entire incapacity of the human will for good, and 

 the insufficiency of good works, he first maintained 

 ngainst the less rigid notions of the Jesuits. The 

 doctrines that the human will, when left to itself, 

 could only sin ; that even the mother of Jesus was 

 not free from hereditary and actual sin ; that every 

 action, which did not proceed from pure love to God, 

 was sinful ; and that no penance was effectual for the 

 justification of the sinner, but every thing was to be 

 attributed solely to the grace of God, through Christ, 

 caused him to be persecuted as a heretic by the 

 old Scotists, and, in particular, by the Jesuits, who, 

 notwithstanding the favour in which he stood at the 

 Spanish court, at length succeeded in obtaining a 

 papal bull, in 1567, condemning these doctrines, 

 with others falsely imputed to him. B. submitted ; 

 yet the persecutions against him still continued, as 

 did also his defence or the opinions of Augustine in 

 his lectures ; and, as the theological faculty at Lou- 

 yain was entirely in his favour, he not only remained 

 in the quiet possession of his dignities, but was also 

 appointed dean of St Peters, in 1575, and, in 1578, 

 chancellor of the university ; nay, the king of Spain 

 conferred upon him the office of inquisitor-general in 

 the Netherlands. He died in 1589, and left the re- 

 putation of great learning, pure morals, and a rare 

 modesty. His Augustinian views, which were called 

 then Baianism, descended to the Jansenists (as the 

 precursor of whom he is to be regarded), and, in their 

 hands, received an interpretation formidable to Je- 



suitism and to the papal power. II is doctrine or 

 pure, undivided love to God has been adopted by the 

 Quietists. His writings, mostly polemical, were pub- 

 lished by Gabriel Gerberon, at Cologne, 1696, quarto. 



BAJAZKT I., Turkish emperor, in 1389 succeeded 

 his father, Amunith, who fell in the Iwttle of Cassova 

 against the Servians. He caused his elder brother, 

 Jacob, his riv;il for the throne, to be strangled an 

 act of barbarity, which, since his time, has become a 

 custom at the Turkish court. He made great and 

 rapid conquests. Hence his name, Jlderim, the 

 Lightning. In three years he conquered Hul^iria, 

 part of Servia, Macedonia, Thessaly, and subjected 

 the states of Asia Minor. He besieged even Con- 

 stantinople for ten years, and hoped to starve it into 

 a surrender. In order to save the city, king Sigis- 

 mond of Hungary (afterwards emperor of Germany) 

 assembled a great army (including a number of 

 French troops, and 2,000 noblemen under the com- 

 mand of the duke of Nivey), and attacked the city of 

 Nicopolis, in Bulgaria, situated near the Danube. 

 But B. met them, and obtained a decisive victory 

 over the allied Hungarians, Poles, and French, 28th 

 September, 1395. Sigismond escaped, by a hasty 

 flight, in disguise. The French, by whose imprudent 

 impetuosity the battle was lost, were most of them 

 taken prisoners, and executed by the order of B. 

 He would probably have now overturned the whole 

 Greek empire, if Timur (see Tamerlane) had not 

 attacked Natolia, in 1400. B. marched to meet him, 

 and suffered a total defeat near Ancyra, in Galatia, 

 June 16, 1402. He himself fell into the power of 

 the conqueror, who treated him with generosity. The 

 story of his being carried about in a cage by Timur 

 is without historical proof. B. died, in 1403, in 

 Timur's camp, in Caramania. His successor was 

 Soliman I. Bajazet II. succeeded his father, Maho- 

 met II., sultan of the Turks, in 1481. He increased 

 the Turkish empire by conquests on the north-west 

 and in the east, took Lepanto, Modon, and Durazzo, 

 in a war against the Venetians, and ravaged the 

 coasts of the Christian states on the Mediterranean, 

 to revenge the expulsion of the Moors from Spain. 

 At home, he had to contend against his rebellious 

 son Selim, to whom at last he resigned the empire. 

 He died in 1512, on his way to the place which he 

 had chosen for his retirement. It has been supposed 

 that he was put to death by the order of his son. He 

 was a man of uncommon talents, and did much for 

 the improvement of his empire, and the promotion 

 of the sciences. 



BAKER, Sir George, an eminent physician, the son 

 of a Devonshire clergyman, was born in 1722, and 

 educated at Eton and Cambridge Having taken the 

 degree of M. D. in 1756, he commenced the practice 

 of his profession at Stamford, whence he soon remov- 

 ed to London, and speedily attained considerable 

 reputation. He was appointed physician in ordinary 

 to the king, and physician to the queen ; and he was 

 also chosen fellow of the royal and antiquarian socie- 

 ties. In 1776, he was created a baronet, and in 

 1797, he was placed at the head of his profession, by 

 being elected president of the College of Physicians. 

 He died, June 15th, 1809. Sir George Baker had 

 the reputation of being an elegant classical scholar 

 and critic in the dead languages, as well as a learned 

 and skilful physician. His published works are nei- 

 ther numerous nor considerable. They consist prin- 

 cipally of essays and dissertations on medical subjects, 

 many of which were published in periodical works. 

 " An Essay on the Cause of the Endemical Colic/of 

 Devonshire," which appeared about 17G7, gave rise 

 to a professional controversy relative to the origin of 

 that malady, which he attributed to the use of cider 

 impregnated with lead, derived from the vessels used 



