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BANDANA BANDE NOIRE. 



ously hammered smooth on a marble table, and 

 finished witli the plane. The Uiin sheet of lead 

 having been fastened, is to be covered with the paper 

 on which the pattern is drawn ; which, being tas- 

 tened firmly with paste, and dried, is sent to the 

 cutter, who fixes down with brass pins all the parts 

 to be left solid, and with the tools commonly used by 

 block cutters, he follows the lines of the drawing, 

 cutting perpendicularly through the thin sheet. The 

 detached pieces are then lifted out, and thus the 

 channels for the discharging liquor are formed, which 

 determines the white figures on the cloth. Tliat the 

 liquor may be freely admitted and drawn away, a 

 number of small holes are perforated in the thick 

 plate of lead at the bottom of the channels, and thus 

 one plate is finished. But another plate similar to 

 the former is required to constitute what is called a 

 set. This second plate is fashioned in the same way 

 as the first, with this difference, that no new drawing 

 requires to lie executed for it, as a piece of drawing- 

 paper is fastened on the second plate, and an impres- 

 sion taken off the first, by means of printers' ink, in 

 a hydrostatic press. These plates may be put into, or 

 removed from, the press at pleasure. One of these 

 plates is fixed to the upper block of the press, so 

 contrived, that, by means of a kind of universal 

 joint, the upper plate may be made to apply to the 

 tinder one, which is fastened to the movable part of 

 the press, so that when the under block of the press 

 is forced up, the two plates come together with the 

 greatest precision, by means of guide-pins at the 

 corners. The hydrostatic discharging press is worked 

 by two cylinders, called prime cylinders, of peculiar 

 formation. The piston of the large cylinder is eight 

 inches in diameter, that of the small, only one inch. 

 Both pistons are stuffed, and thin rods move through 

 stuffed col lars, being each loaded by a top weight of five 

 tons, and capable of being raised two feet ; and they 

 are each worked by three forcing pumps connected 

 with the steam engine. These pumps being put in 

 action, a sufficient quantity of water will, in a short 

 time, be introduced into the bottom of the cylinders 

 as will raise the pistons up to their highest points ; 

 and thus they are prepared for working the discharg- 

 ing presses, with which they communicate by strong 

 copper pipes, of small calibre, led under ground to 

 the gallery where the presses stand. Three valves 

 are attached to each press : the first opens the com- 

 munication between the large prime cylinder and 

 the cylinder of the press, and the pressure of the 

 water thus introduced raises the under blocks so as 

 to come into contact with the upper. The second 

 valve opens the passage of the water from the small 

 prime cylinder to the cylinder of the press, and the 

 pressure thus introduced is employed to give the re- 

 quisite compression to the cloth between the blocks. 

 The function of the third valve is merely to allow 

 the water in the press cylinder to escape, so as to 

 slacken the pressure when the operation of discharg- 

 ing lias been accomplished. Having now described 

 the apparatus, let us attend to the process of dis- 

 charging. The wooden cylinder, with a roll of cloth, 

 formerly spoken of, is placed at the back of the 

 press, and as much of the fourteen plies of cloth 

 drawn off as will cover the area of the lower pattern 

 plate, on which it is then placed. The valve guard- 

 ing the communication between the press and large 

 prime cylinder is now opened, and the pressure of 

 the water forces up the under block, together with 

 its plate and cloth, so as to come into close contact 

 with the upper plate. This valve is now shut, and 

 that which guards the communication between the 

 press and the small prime cylinder is opened ; and it 

 will be recollected that the diameter of this cylinder 

 b only one inch, the piston being loaded with a 



pressure of five tons, which is now brought to bear 

 on the piston of the press, anil the cloth is by thte 



CrrsMire compressed, not beyond the power of calcu- 

 ition indeed, but to a degree truly astonishing; 

 for it may be easily shown (see Jiramah't Prett), 

 that if the cylinder of the press be eight indies in 

 diameter, the pressure which compresses the cloth 

 between the plates is not less than 716,400 Ibs. 

 When things are in this state, the di-charging liquor 

 is to be admitted. This liquor consists of a solution 

 of the chloride of lime, commonly called bleaching 

 powder, and a small quantity of sulphuric acid. 

 It is contained in a small lead cistern attached to 

 the press, which is supplied from a large cistern in 

 another chamber. This small cistern is furnished 

 with a graduated glass tube for regulating the quan- 

 tity of liquor given to the cloth, and the stop-cocks 

 connected with this department of the apparatus are 

 likewise of glass. The liquor is now admitted 

 through the upper plate, and passes through the 

 fourteen layers of cloth, and through the under 

 plate, being finally led away by the waste-pipe, its 

 passage through the cloth being frequently acceler- 

 ated by pressure derived from a pneumatic apparatus, 

 somewhat resembling a gasometer. When the cloth 

 has been acted upon by the liquor sufficiently, water 

 is introduced in a similar manner, and the chlorine 

 entirely washed away. The pressure is now relaxed, 

 and more of the cloth introduced between the plates, 

 and the process is repeated. In the establishment 

 before alluded to, one set of workmen manage six- 

 teen presses, passing from the one to the other ; so 

 that when the sixteenth is cleared, it is time to open 

 the first, and thus 19,200 yards of cloth are, by four 

 workmen, converted into bandanas in ten hours. 

 For further particulars, see Calico Printing. 



BANDELLO, Matteo, a novelist, born, about 1480, 

 at Castelnuovo di Scrivia, studied at Rome and Na- 

 ples, and applied himself almost exclusively to polite 

 literature. He was, in his youth, a Dominican monk 

 at Castelnuovo. He seems to have lived some years 

 in Mantua, where Pirro Gonzaga and Camilla Benti- 

 voglio intrusted to him the education of their daugh- 

 ter. He afterwards resided at Milan, until, after the 

 battle of Pavia, the Spaniards banished him thence 

 as a partisan of France. Upon this he went first 

 to Ludovico Gonzaga, then to Cesare Fregoso, who 

 had left the Venetian for the French service, and 

 lived with the latter, in Piedmont, till the conclusion 

 of the truce between the belligerent powers, and then 

 followed him to France. After the death of his pro- 

 tector, he resided at Agen, with the family of thede. 

 ceased, and, in 1550, was appointed bishop of that city. 

 He left the administration of his diocese to the bishop 

 of Grasse, and employed himself, at the advanced age 

 of 70, in the completion of his novels, of which he 

 published three volumes in 1554 ; a fourth was pub- 

 lished in 1573, after his death. Camillo Franceschini 

 also published his novels at Venice, in 1566, 4to. 

 B. published, at Agen, in 1545, Canti XI delle Lodi 

 della S. Lucrezia Gonzaga di Ganzuela e del f'ero 

 Amore, col Tempio di Pudicitia, and also two other 

 poems ; altogether of but little value. Other poems 

 of his, found in manuscript at Turin, were printed by 

 Costa, in 1816, under the title of Rime di Matteo 

 Bandello. The novels of B. are distinguished by a 

 natural simplicity, a rapid narration, and periods at 

 once short and harmonious; but their contents are 

 frequently impure. This reproach applies more to 

 him than to Boccaccio, that he loves to dwell in 

 wanton scenes, and to paint them in lively colours to 

 the imagination. 



BANDE NOIRE. When the revolution in France 

 had rendered superfluous much ecclesiastical proper- 

 ty, also many castles and residences of the emigrant 



