CANALS. 



cents per mile per ton of coal, and 4 cents for other 

 merchandise; the same for every 100 feet, cubic 

 measure, of timber, and every 1000 feet Iwards, and 

 every 5000 shingles. 



New Jersey. Morrit canal was commenced in 1825. 

 It is 131 miles in length, from 30 to 32 feet wide at the 

 surface, 1 6 to 1 8 feet at the bottom, and 4 feet in depth ; 

 the whole lockage is 1657 feet. It extends from Jer- 

 sey city, on the Hudson, across the state of New Jersey, 

 to the Delaware, opposite Easton, where it connects 

 with the Leliigh canal. The summit level is near lake 

 Hopatcung. On the western division, from the feed- 

 er at the summit level to the Delaware, are 7 locks, 

 overcoming a difference in level of 67 feet, and 1 1 

 inclined planes, overcoming 691 feet. On the east- 

 ern division, between the summit level and the Pas- 

 saic, there are 17 locks, overcoming a difference 

 of -156 feet, and 12 inclined planes, overcoming 743 

 feet. There are, within these limits, 4 guard- 

 locks, 5 dams, 30 culverts, 12 aqueducts, 200 bridges 

 and upwards. The aqueduct across the Passaic, at 

 Little Falls, is of cut stone, the duct resting on a 

 single arch of 80 feet, with 50 feet radius, and mea- 

 suring 52 feet perpendicular above the water level, 

 that is, to the coping of the side-walls ; extent, from 

 wing-wall to wing-wall, 215 feet. Delaware and 

 Raritan canal is a projected work in the same state. 



Pennsylvania canals. The state of Pennsylvania 

 lias a very extensive system of canal navigation, a 

 very large part of which has been undertaken by the 

 state at the public expense. Schuylkill canal and 

 navigation was commenced in 1816, and has been in 

 operation a number of years. Its length is 110 

 miles ; lockage, 620 feet, or only 5-64 feet per mile ; 

 Is 36 feet wide at the surface of the water, 24 feet at 

 the bottom, and 4 feet deep, and extends from Phila- 

 delphia to Reading, and from thence to mount Car- 

 bon. It is sometimes called the Schuylkill navigation. 

 It comprises 31 dams, commencing at Fair Mount 

 water-works, near Philadelphia, by which is produced 

 a slack-water navigation of 45 miles ; also 23 canals, 

 extending 65-miles ; 125 locks, 17 feet wide, 80 feet 

 long, of which 28 are guard-locks. There are 17 

 arched aqueducts ; a tunnel of 450 feet, cut through 

 and under solid rock ; 65 toll and gate-houses. The 

 dams vary from 3 to 27 feet in height. Total cost 

 of the improvements, January 1, 1830, 2,236,937 

 dollars. Tolls, for 1826, 43,109 dollars; 1827, 

 58,149 dollars ; 1828, 87,171 dollars ; 1829, 120,039 

 dollars. It was constructed by the Schuylkill navi- 

 gation company, incorporated in 1815. The com- 

 pany may declare a dividend not exceeding 25 per 

 cent, per annum, and the tolls are to be regulated 

 accordingly. Union canal and navigation, constructed 

 in 1827 ; length 82 miles, exclusive of a navigation 

 of 75 miles ; lockage, 520 feet ; 36 feet wide at the 

 surface, and 24 feet at the bottom, and 4 feet deep. 

 It extends from 4 miles below Reading to Middle- 

 town, connecting the Susquehanna and Schuylkill 

 rivers, and uniting at Reading with the Schuylkill 

 canal, and at Miodletown with the great Pennsyl- 

 vania canal ; the summit level is at Lebanon. The 

 canal begins, at its eastern end, in the Schuylkill 

 works, and ascends along the western bank of the 

 Schuylkill to the valley of the Tulpehocken, and 

 passes up that valley to the east end of the summit 

 level, within 5 miles of Lebanon, rising 311 feet by 

 54 locks, of various lifts of from 8 to 4 feet. The 

 summit extends 6 miles, 78 chains, part whereof is a 

 tunnel of 850 feet, 18 feet wide, 14 high, opening 

 into Clark's creek valley, along which the canal de- 

 scends to the Swatara, and, continuing along the 

 valley of this river, terminates at Middletown. De- 

 scent from summit, 208 feet, overcome by 39 locks. 

 It has 43 waste weirs, 49 culverts, 135 road and farm 



bridges, 12 aqueducts, one of which U 276 feet in 

 length. On this canal are extensive water-works for 

 raising the water of the Swatara to the summit. 

 Cost, 20,000 dollars per mile. Rates of toll to 

 be regulated so as not to give more than 12 per 

 cent. Lactcawaxen canal is 36 miles in length, 32 

 feet wide at the surface, 20 feet at the bottom, 

 and 4 feet in depth. It commences at the termina- 

 tion of the Delaware and Hudson canal, near Carjx-ii- 

 ter's point, and unites with a rail-road at Honesdale. 

 (See Delaware and Hudson canal.) In 1825, the 

 Lackawaxen canal and coal company were authoriz- 

 ed to act in union with the Delaware and Hudson ca- 

 nal company. The tolls are not to exceed l cents 

 per ton per mile on boats transporting stone, coal, 

 oic. Great quantities of Lackawana coal are trans- 

 ported along tliis canal. Lehigh canal and naviga- 

 tion was completed about 1829, is 46j miles in length, 

 60 to 65 feet wide at the surface, 45 feet at the bot- 

 tom, and 5 feet deep ; the lockage is 360 feet. It 

 extends from Easton on the Delaware to Stoddarts- 

 ville, connecting the Morris canal with the Mauch 

 Chunk railroad. Cost, 1,558,000 dollars. It con- 

 sists of 37 miles of canal and 9| of slack-water pools. 

 The ponds connecting the several lengths of canal 

 are all cleared out in the channel to the width of 50 

 feet. The canals are furnished with 43 locks, from 

 6 feet lift to 9, whereof 2 are guard-locks, besides 5 

 other guard-locks at the pools respectively ; dimen- 

 sions, 22 feet wide, 100 feet long. There are 8 dams, 

 varying in height from 6 to 16 feet. The lock walls 

 are constructed of rough stone. There are 4 aque- 

 ducts, 22 culverts. Cost, 25,000 dollars per mile. The 

 Lehigh coal and navigation company were incorpor- 

 ated in 1818. Tolls not to exceed 3 cents per ton per 

 mile for boats, and every ton of shingles in rafts, from 

 the Great Falls to the mouth of Nescoponing creek ; 

 and from thence to the mouth of the Lehigh, one cent, 

 per mile ; and the same toll is paid for 1000 feet boards. 

 Conestoga navigation, 18 miles in length, with a 

 lockage of 70 feet, passes from Safe Harbour, on Sus- 

 quehanna river, at the mouth of Conestoga creek, up 

 the course of the creek, to Lancaster. The naviga- 

 tion is effected by a series of locks and dams, the 

 pools never affording less than 4 feet depth of water; 

 the locks are 100 feet by 22, in the chambers ; the 

 towing path is on the south side of the river. Cost, 

 4000 dollars per mile. The company were incorpo- 

 rated in 1825 ; they are authorized to receive to the 

 amount of 15 per cent, on the sum expended, and the 

 legislature may regulate the rate of tolls, provided 

 they do not reduce them below that rate. Conewago 

 canal is 2j miles in length, with a lockage of 21 feet, 

 and passes from the foot to the head of Conewago 

 falls, west side of Susquehanna river, York county, 

 Pennsylvania ; and the same, east side, Dauphin 

 county. Two dams, one of 800, the other of 500 

 feet, are connected with the works. There are 1 

 guard and 3 lift locks, each 110 feet long, by 18 wide. 

 Pennsylvania canal was commenced in 1826, by 

 the state of Pennsylvania, and great progress has 

 been made in constructing the different branches. 

 It includes a number of canals, running in different 

 directions, and known by different names : it consists 

 of five divisions : 1. The Transverse division com- 

 mences in Columbia, where the Philadelphia and Co- 

 lumbia rail-road terminates, and runs on the Susque- 

 hanna to Duncan's island, 44-^ miles, at the mouth 

 of the Juniata, thence on the Juniata to Huntington, 

 89 miles ; thence from Huntington to near Holidays- 

 burg, 39 miles. The division of railway proposed 

 from Holidaysburg to the head of the basin at Johns- 

 town is 37 miles ; this road crosses the Alleghany, 

 and at its lowest crossing place is 1364 feet 7 inches 

 above the basin at Hofidaysburg, and 1141 above 



