CARDING CARICATURE. 



53 



sion is regarded as useless in treating of ethics , and, 

 in order to judge of it correctly, we must form a just 

 notion of the idea which the ancients attached to the 

 words afirii and virtus (virtue). 



CARDING ; a preparation of wool, cotton, hair, 

 or flax, by passing it between the iron points, or 

 teeth, of two instruments, called cards, to comb, dis- 

 entangle, and arrange the hairs or fibres thereof for 

 spinning, &c. Before the wool is carded, it is 

 smeared with oil, whereof one-fourth of the weight 

 of the wool is required for wool destined for the 

 woof of stuffs, and one-eighth for that of the warp. 



CARDROSS ; a parish in Dumbartonshire, beau- 

 tifully situated on the northern bank of the Clyde, 

 and watered on the east by the Leven. It is seven 

 miles in length and from three to four in breadth 

 and the ground rises with a gradual ascent from the 

 shore for upwards of two miles, until it terminates in 

 a ridge of hills, which separates it from land in the 

 vicinity of the Leven and Loch Lomond. Very ex- 

 tensive print-fields, which employ several hundred 

 persons, are situated at Dalquhun and Cordale. In 

 the old mansion-house of the former was born Dr 

 Smollett, to whose memory a pillar has been erected. 

 Upon an eminence, a little west of the Leven, stood 

 a castle, of which no vestige now remains, in which 

 king Robert Bruce breathed his last. Population in 

 1831, 3596. 



CAREENING (in French, faire ahattre, carener) ; 

 heaving the vessel down on one side, by applying a 

 strong purchase to the masts, so that the vessel may 

 be cleansed from any filth which adheres to it by 

 breaming. A half careen takes place when it is not 

 possible to come at the bottom of the ship ; so that 

 only half of it can be careened. 



CAREW, THOMAS, an English poet, supposed to 

 have been born in 1589, was educated at Corpus 

 Christi college, Oxford. Cultivating polite literature 

 in the midst of a life of affluence and gayety, he was 

 the subject of much eulogy to Ben Jonson, Dave- 

 nant, and other writers of the period. He seems to 

 have died in 1639, having, in the mean time, exhi- 

 bited the not unusual transformation of the courtly 

 and libertine fine gentleman into the repentant de- 

 votee. Carew is coupled with Waller, as one of the 

 improvers of English versification. It does not ap- 

 pear that any edition of his poems was published 

 during his life-tune; but Oldys, in his notes on 

 Langbaine, asserts that his sonnets were in more re- 

 quest than those of any poet of his time. The first 

 collection of his poems was printed in 1640, 12mo ; 

 the last, in 1772. His elegant masque of Ccelum 

 Britannicum was printed, both in the early editions 

 and separately, in 1651, and the whole are now in- 

 cluded in Chalmers' British Poets. Carew was 

 much studied by Pope ; and doctor Percy also assist- 

 ed to restore him to a portion of the favour with 

 which he has lately been regarded. Specimens both 

 of the sublime and the pathetic may be found in his 

 works ; the former in his admirable masque, and the 

 latter in his epitaph on lady Mary Villiers. 



CARGILLITES ; a name of the sect more gene- 

 rally known under the denomination of Cameronians 

 (q. V.). 



CARIACO ; a seaport town in Colombia, in the 

 province of Cumana ; Ion. 63 39' W. ; lat. 10 30' 

 N. ; population, 6500. It is situated to the east of 

 the gulf of Cariaco, near the mouth of a river of the 

 same name, on a large plain, covered with planta- 

 tions. The climate is very hot, the air damp and 

 unhealthy. Its trade is in cotton and sugar. The 



fulf of Cariaco is sixty-eight miles long, and thirty- 

 ve broad, from eighty to a hundred fathwns deep, 

 surrounded by lofty mountains, and the waters quiet. 

 CARIATIDES. See Caryatides, 



CARIBBEAN SEA ; that part of the Atlantic 

 ocean, which is bounded N. by the islands of Ja- 

 maica, St Domingo, Porto Rico, and the Virgin 

 islands, E. by the Caribbean islands, S. by Colombia, 

 and W. by Guatimala. 



CARIBBEE ISLANDS ; the West India islands, 

 so called, which lie in a line from Anguilla N. to 

 Tobago S., and form the eastern boundary of the sea 

 called Caribbean sea. The name has been loosely 

 applied to the whole of the West India islands, but 

 is more particularly understood of that archipelago 

 which lies between the 58th and 63d W. Ion., and 

 the llth and 19th 01 N. lat. The principal are St 

 Christopher's, Guadaloupe, Antigua, Montserrat, 

 Mariegalante, called Leeward islands (q. v.) ; Do- 

 minica, Martinico, St Lucia, St Vincent's, called 

 Windward islands (q. v.) ; Grenada, Tobago, Barba- 

 does, &c. 



CARIBBEE or ST LUCIA BARK. Under the 

 general denomination of cinchona, several barks 

 have, been comprehended which are not the products 

 of the real cinchona (q. v.), and which, in fact, neither 

 contain cinchonia nor quinia, and cannot, conse- 

 quently, be substituted as a febrifuge for the true 

 species of cinchona. One of the principal substi- 

 tutes of this kind is the Caribbee or St Lucia bark, 

 which is procured from the exostema Caribaea (Per- 

 soon), a tree growing in the West Indies. This bark 

 is hi convex fragments, covered with a yellow epi- 

 dermis, commonly thin, but sometimes hard and 

 spongy, witli deep fissures, of a yellow, red, or brown 

 tint internally, of a fibrous texture, offering here and 

 there small, shining, and crystalline points, of a very 

 bitter taste, and very faint smell. 



CARIBBEES; the original inhabitants of the 

 Caribbee islands (q. v.), who, hi consequence of 

 domestic broils, emigrated from North America, in 

 the neighbourhood of Florid^, to these islands, and 

 to Guiana, in South America- where they live inde- 

 pendent, and have been joined by many runaway 

 Negroes. They often engage in wars against the 

 European colonists. They were almost entirely ex- 

 pelled from the islands in the eighteenth century. 

 On St Vincent, there are only a hundred, and on 

 Dominica, only thirty families of red Caribbees. 

 They are of an olive-brown colour, but they paint 

 themselves with arnotto, as a defence against bisects. 

 On the island of St Vincent, there are black Carib- 

 bees, sprung from the intercourse of black slaves 

 art4 Caribbean women. Their number amounts to 

 2000 families. They are of a dark-brown colour 

 and, notwithstanding all the efforts of the British, 

 they maintain the independence of their quarter of 

 the island. The red Caribbees are distinguished for 

 their activity and courage. They inhabit villages, 

 governed by an elective chief, whom the Europeans 

 call captain. They assemble for battle at the sound 

 of a conch. Next to the Patagonians, they are per- 

 haps the most robust nation with which we are ac- 

 quainted. They devour the flesh of their enemies 

 with great voracity. Their language, one of the 

 most sonorous, and one of the softest in the world, 

 contains nearly thirty dialects. 



CARICATURE (from the Italian caricare, to 

 load, to overcharge ; charger, with the French). A 

 caricature is therefore an exaggerated representation 

 of the qualities and peculiarities of an object; but in 

 such a way that the likeness is preserved, or even 

 made more striking. The effect of such a represen- 

 tation need not be always ridiculous ; it may also be 

 terrible. Ben David says, "A child of the usual 

 size, with the head and arms of a giant, is a horrid 

 caricature, whilst a large man, with a diminutive 

 nose, with a little mouth, and a small voice, is a 

 ridiculous one."' Considered in reference to the fino 



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