CARLOVITZA CARLSTADT. 



57 



The struggle lasted during the 22d and 23d of July. 

 The prince listened, during that time, with calmness, 

 to the prayers of the clergyman. On the night oi 

 the 23d, the king visited him, gave him his blessing, 

 without being recognized by the prince, and with- 

 drew weeping. Soon ;:fterwards, at four o'clock in 

 the morning of the 24th of July, 1568, don Carlos 

 expired. He was buried, as became his rank, yet 

 without any funeral sermon, in the convent of the 

 Dominican nuns, El Real, at Madrid. The virtuous 

 queen Elizabeth died, Oct. 23d, of the same year, in 

 childbed, and not by poison, as the enemies of Phi- 

 lip asserted. Philip II., in 1592, ordered the judicial 

 acts to be locked in a box, and to be deposited in 

 the royal archives at Simancas. The melancholy fete 

 of don Carlos has served as a subject for several tra- 

 gedies those of Schiller, Alfieri, Otway, and Cam- 

 - pistron. 



CARLOVITZA, or CARLOWITZ, or KARLO- 

 VVITZ; a town of Austrian Sclavonia, on the Da- 

 nube ; seven miles S. E. Peterwardein ; population, 

 5800. It is the see of a Greek archbishop. Here is 

 a Greek gymnasium, which had, in 1817, 164 stu- 

 dents. This town is remarkable for a peace con- 

 cluded here, in 1699, between the emperor of Ger- 

 many, Poland, Russia, Venice, and the Turks, by the 

 mediation of England and Holland. By the terms 

 of this peace, the emperor Leopold I. received Sie- 

 benburgen and Sclavonia; Poland received back 

 Kaminiec y .Podolia,and the Ukraine ; Venice retained 

 the conquered Morea ; Russia, Azoph. See Austria 

 and Ottoman Empire. 



CARLOW ; an inland county of Ireland, in the 

 province of Leinster. From the remarkable fertility 

 of its soil, it is altogether an agricultural county ; 

 butter being the staple, the quality of wliich is so su- 

 perior, that it obtains the highest price in the British 

 markets. The mineral productions are of the most 

 useful character. Coal, limestone, iron ore, &c., 

 exist in abundance, and granite pervades the moun- 

 tain district. The trade of this county may be said 

 to consist in carriage of corn, flour, coals, limestone, 

 and butter, to Waterford, Wexford, and Dublin; 

 with the last of which it has a canal communication. 

 The county comprehended the ancient districts of 

 Hy-drone, and Hy-Cavanagh, being the northern part 

 of the principality of Hy-Kinselagh, and was erected 

 into a county by king John, in 1210. The borough 

 of Carlow is situated at the junction of the rivers 

 Burrin and Barrow. It is a neat and thriving town. 

 CARLSBAD, in the kingdom of Bohemia, one of 

 the most famous watering-places in the world, is 

 situated in a deep, narrow valley of the river Tepel. 

 It is said that Charles IV. discovered the warm 

 springs here, in 1358, during a chase. Peter Baier, 

 his physician, directed him to use them, to obtain re- 

 lief for a disorder of his foot. The application proved 

 most effectual ; and, in consequence of this, the em- 

 peror is related to have built a castle here; and 

 houses gradually accumulated round it. Carlsbad 

 signifies, in German, Charles' bath. The town has 

 450 houses, with 2510 inhabitants. Ample provision 

 has been made for the amusement of the visitors of 

 this place. Fine buildings have been erected, and 

 beautiful promenades laid out. A great number of 

 strangers are attracted here every year. (See Mi- 

 neral Waters). Carlsbad is also known on account 

 of the 



Congress of Carlsbad. This congress was only for 

 Germany, and is to be considered as one of the many 

 consequences of the increase of a liberal spirit in the 

 German nation, and the unwillingness of the monarchs 

 to keep their promises respecting liberal institutions. 

 The final act of this congress was closed May 15, 

 18.29, and made a law of the German confederation 



on July 2. The object of the congress, according to 

 its own resolves, was, to decide upon measures for 

 the safety and internal order of Germany. Laws 

 were passed for the establishment of a stricter police 

 in the universities, which, since that time, have been 

 brought into closer contact with the governments, 

 and officers have been appointed to watch over the 

 conduct of the students. Periodical works, and such 

 as contain less than twenty sheets, were put, for five 

 years, under a severe censorship ; and the diet was 

 to have the right to suppress any books which dis- 

 turbed the peace or attacked the dignity of any mem- 

 ber of the confederation, or tended so to do. For the 

 detection and prosecution of secret political societies 

 throughout Germany, and the checking of "demago- 

 gic tendencies," a central police-commission was or- 

 ganized. The congress, moreover, complained of 

 dangerous theories every day becoming more and 

 more widely spread, &c. 



CARLSCRONA, or CARLSCROON ; a sea-port 

 of Sweden, capital of the province of Blekingen, or 

 Carlscrona; Ion. 15 33' E.; lat. 56 17' N. : popula- 

 tion in 1810, 10,639 ; in 1815, 11,860. The greatest 

 part stands upon a small, rocky island, which rises 

 gently in a bay of the Baltic. The suburbs extend 

 over another small rock, and along the mole close to 

 the basin, where the fleet is moored. It is adorned 

 with one or two handsome churches, and a few toler- 

 able houses of brick ; but the buildings in general 

 are of wood. The suburbs are fortified, towards the 

 land, by a stone wall. The entrance into the har- 

 bour, which, by nature, is extremely difficult, from a 

 number of shoals and rocky islands, is still further 

 secured from the attack of an enemy's fleet by two 

 strong forts, built on two islands, under the batteries 

 of which all vessels must pass. The harbour is large 

 and commodious, with depth of water sufficient for 

 ships of the first rate. The exports are timber, tar, 

 potash, tallow, and marble. Carlscrona is the prin- 

 cipal depot of the Swedish navy. 



CARLSRUHE (German, which means the rest of 

 Charles'), the capital of the grand-duchy of Baden, 

 was laid out in 1715, and is one of the most regularly- 

 built towns in Europe. The castle of the grand-duke 

 stands in the centre of the city, from which nine 

 streets run at regular distances from each other, to 

 the circumference of a circle enclosing the area of 

 the city, and thus forming a star. Other streets in 

 tersect these in parallel circles. The roads leading 

 to the city correspond to this regular disposition, 

 which, as is often the case in strictly regular cities, 

 often leaves upon the traveller the impression of mo- 

 notony, rather than that of agreeable order. The 

 city contains 17,232 inhabitants and 1170 houses. It 

 is ornamented with several beautiful public buildings. 

 The court library contains 70,000 volumes ; the bo- 

 tanical garden, 6000 species of plants. There are 

 also here several valuable museums and cabinets, 

 several institutions for the promotion of literature 

 and the fine arts, one for the deaf and dumb,, and 

 some manufactories. Lon. 20 45' E. ; lat. 49 N. 



CARLSTADT (so called from his native town, 

 Carlstadt, hi Franconia; his proper name was An- 

 drew Bodenstein) is celebrated, in the history of the 

 reformation, for his fanaticism as well as his misfor- 

 tunes. He was professor of theology at Wittenberg. 

 His learning enabled him to render great support to 

 Luther in his first steps for the introductiou of a re- 

 formation. In 1520, he was included in the bull 

 which condemned Luther; and his spirited appeal 

 from the pope to a general council, of which he gave 

 the first example, as well as his opinion, openly ex- 

 pressed, in favour of the marriage of the priesthood, 

 which soon gained ground, was among the many 

 proofs which ne gave of his zeal for the reformation. 



