CAROLINA. 



the most part, remarkably fertile, nnd abounds with 

 oak-trees of various kinds, walnut, elm, linn, and 

 cherry-trees ; the last of which not unfrequently at- 

 tains the size of three feet in diameter. The soil and 

 productions, in the hilly country, are nearly the same 

 as in the Northern States. Wheat, rye, barley, oats, 

 and flax are the crops most generally cultivated, and 

 seem to suit well the nature of the soil. Through- 

 out i In' whole state, Indian corn and pulse of all 

 kinds are abundant. Cotton is raised in consider- 

 able quantities. North Carolina abounds in iron ore ; 

 and it is the only one of the United States in which 

 gold lias been found in any considerable quantities. 

 Tlie gold mines, which have lately excited a good 



age. The heat of the summer's day Is succeeded in 

 the evening by a grateftil and refreshing coolnr^. 

 Autumn is temperate and serene, junl, in some years, 

 the winters are so mild, that autumn may be said to 

 continue till spring. The wheat liarvest commences 

 in the beginning of June, and that of Indian corn 

 early in September. In 1827, merchandise to the 

 value of 276,791 dollars was imported into North 

 Carolina, and 449,237 dollars' worth exported. (For 

 similar accounts of preceding years, see Watterson 

 and Zandt's Tabular Statistical Views, Washington, 

 Jan. 1829. 



Historical Sketch of North Carolina. In 1586, the 

 first attempt was made by the English to colonize 



deal of interest, though they have not yet proved J North America, under a patent to Sir Francis Drake, 

 very productive, are found on the Yadkin and its A small colony was left on the Roanoke in 1587, 

 branches, and extend over a district comprising about but was never again to be found ; all attempts to 

 1000 square miles. In almost any part of this ter- ascertain their fete were fruitless. Some emigrants 



ritory, gold may be found in greater or less abund- 

 ance, mixed with the soil. It exists in minute grains 



from Virginia penetrated into the country about 

 1650, and made the first actual settlement of whites. 



or particles, and is also found in lumps of one or two On the early Spanish maps, what is now called 

 pounds' weight. Of the plains in the low country, Carolina had been marked as part of Florida. The 

 the large natural growth is, almost universally, pitch i French had given it the name of Carolina in honour 

 pine, a tall and beautiful tree, which grows here to if king Charles IX., when they made the disastrous 

 a size far superior to the pitch pine of the Northern attempt to colonize the North American coast, no 

 States. This valuable tree affords pitch, tar, turpen ticed under the head of Florida. The name Carolina 



tine, and various kinds of lumber, which, together, 

 constitute about one-half of the exports of North 

 Carolina. It is of two kinds, the common and the 

 long-leaved. The latter differs from other pines, 

 not in shape, but hi the length of its leaves, which 

 are nearly half a yard long, and hang hi large clus- 

 ters. The trees in the low countries, both ot North 

 and South Carolina, are loaded with quantities of a 

 long, spongy moss, which, hanging hi clusters from 

 thelimbs, gives the forests a singular appearance. 

 The misletoe frequently engrafts itself upon the 

 trees hi the back country. In this part, plums, 

 grapes, blackberries, and strawberries, grow spon- 

 taneously ; also several valuable medicinal plants, as 

 ginseng, Virginia snakeroot, Seneca snakeroot, and 

 some others. The rich bottoms are overgrown with 

 canes, the leaves of which continue green through 

 the winter, and afford good pasture for cattle. 



.. O * . 



prevailed. In 1661, a second English colony from 

 Massachusetts arrived, and established themselves at 

 cape Fear river. In 1667, after many vexatious 

 struggles, the infant colony obtained a representa- 

 tive government. Two years later, the fanciful con 

 stitution, so famous under the name of Locke's scheme 

 of government, was introduced. This wild project 

 was soon abandoned ; and, like other English colo- 

 nies, Carolina advanced but slowly, and experienced 

 the horrors of Indian warfare as late as 1712. Pre- 

 vious to 1717, Carolina had been a proprietary go- 

 vernment, but, in that year, became a royal one oy 

 purchase, and continued such until the revolution in 

 1775. In 1720, the two Carolinas were separated 

 into North and South Carolina. The inaccessible 

 coast of North Carolina gave it very great advanta- 

 ges in the revolutionary war. Those destructive in- 

 roads, from which other states along the Atlantic 



North Carolina is far removed from that perfection 1 suffered so much, were here impracticable. Though, 

 of culture, which is necessary to give it the full ad- J however, less exposed, the people of this state evinced 

 vantage of the natural richness of its soil, and the then- full share of sympathy with the residue of the 

 value of its productions. One great cause of its I American people. A convention was assembled at 



backwardness, hi agricultural improvement, is the 

 want of inland navigation, and of good harbours. It 

 has several large rivers, but their mouths are blocked 

 up with bars of hard sand. The best of the indiffer- 

 ent harbours, in this state, are those of Wilmington. 

 Newbern, and Edenton. The most of the produce 

 of the upper country, consisting of tobacco, wheat, 

 maize, c., has hitherto been carried to Charleston 

 South Carolina, and to Lynchburg, and Petersburg, 

 Virginia. Since 1815, the state has been zealously 

 engaged in an extensive system of internal improve- 



ments. These improvements relate to the naviga- 



Halifax, where, on Dec. 18, 1776, the existing con- 

 stitution was adopted. Since that auspicious event, 

 it may be doubted whether any other community ever 

 passed fifty-two years with less disturbance. (Darby's 

 View of the United States. See Carey and Lea's 

 American Atlas). 



CAROLINA, SOUTH ; one of the United States ; 

 bounded N. by North Carolina, E. by the Atlantic, 

 S. W. and W. by Georgia ; Ion. 78 24' to 83 3(X 

 W. ; lat. 32 to 35 8' N. ; 200 miles long, 125 broad; 



containing 30,000 square miles. Population hi 1790, 

 240,000: in 1800, 345,591: in 1810, 415,115; 



tionof the sound,* inlets, and the rivers RoanoEe. 200,919 blacks : in 1820, 502,741 ; whites, 237,440 ; 

 Tar, Neuse, cape Fear, Yadkin, Catawba, &c. ; the white males, 120,934; white females, 116,506; 

 construction of canals and roads, and the draining of slaves, 258,475 ; freecoloured, 6,826. Militia in 182 1, 

 marshes and swamps. Like all the Southern States, 23,729. South Carolina is divided into thirty districts. 

 North Carolina has a considerable diversity of cli- Columbia is the seat of government, but Charleston 

 mate, occasioned by the physical peculiarities of its is the largest town. The legislature consists of a 

 different parts. In the level part of the country, in- , senate and house of representatives. The senate 



termittent fevers are frequent during the summer 

 and autumn. During these sickly seasons, the coun- 

 tenances of the inhabitants have a pale-yellowish 

 hue, occasioned by the prevalence of bilious affec- 

 tions. Many fall victims, during the winter, to 



consists of forty-three members, chosen every four 



years by districts, 

 every two years. 



The representatives are chosei' 

 The governor and lieutenant- 



governor are chosen biennially, by a joint ballot ot 

 both houses. The principal denominations of Chris- 

 Carolina are Presbyterians, Episcopa- 



hiily parts, the air is as pure and salubrious as in any lians, Baptists, and Methodists. Education is liber- 

 part of America, and the inhabitants live to a great ally patronized by the state government. The two 



