

CARTOUCHE CARVER. 



75 



,i wooden case, about three inches thick at bottom, 

 and girt round with marline, holding 2, 3, or 400 

 musket balls, with eight or ten iron balls, weighing 

 one pound each, to be fired from a mortar, gun, or 

 howitzer, for the defence of a pass, retrenchment, 

 &c. It is also used for a cartridge-box, now em- 

 ployed mostly by the cavalry. The charge of a can- 

 non is also sometimes called by this name. Car- 

 touche is likewise the name given by the French 

 literati to that oval ring, or border, which includes, 

 in the Egyptian hieroglyphics, the names of persons 

 of high distinction, as M. Champollion has proved. 

 This border was thought, at first, by Zoega, to include 

 every proper name. 



CARTOUCHE, LOOTS DOMINIQUE. The pilfering 

 propensities of this man, who was born at Paris, near 

 the end of the seventeenth century, early showed 

 themselves. Being expelled from school, and after- 

 wards from his father's house, for theft, he joined a 

 band of rogues in Normandy, and then put himself 

 at the head of a numerous company of banditti in 

 Paris, over which he exercised the power of life and 

 death. He was first apprehended in a tavern, in 

 1721, and brought to the Chdtelet. On the rack, he 

 named none of his accomplices. But when he ar- 

 rived at the place of execution, where he was to be 

 broken alive on the wheel, and found that his com- 

 panions had not assembled to his rescue, he retract- 

 ed, and named his accomplices, to gain a respite. 

 His execution soon followed. Various authors have 

 described his adventurous, and, in some respects, in- 

 teresting life. 



CARTRIDGE; a case of paper, parchment, or 

 flannel, fitted to the bore of fire-arms, and filled with 

 gun-powder, to expedite the discharge of the piece. 

 Cartridges are of two sorts, viz., Ja^-cartridges, used 

 in firing balls, and /aA>cartridges, used in firing 

 without ball. Riflemen avoid the use of cartridges, 

 because the cartridge injures the shot of a rifle. In 

 most armies, a soldier carries sixty cartridges into 

 battle. 



CARTWRIGHT, EDMUND, was bom in 1743, in 

 Nottinghamshire (brother of major John Cartwright, 

 the well known advocate of parliamentary reform), 

 and studied at Oxford. His poems were very po- 

 pular, especially a ballad entitled Armyne and Elvira, 

 1771. He was one of the principal contributors to 

 the Monthly Review. He is also distinguished for 

 his mechanical inventions. In 1786, he took out a 

 patent for a weaving machine ; for which he obtain- 

 ed from parliament a grant of 10,000, and was of- 

 ten rewarded with prizes for his inventions. For the 

 last thirty years of his life, he was employed in 

 plans for propelling carriages and boats by steam. 

 He died in 1824. 



CARTWRIGHT, JOHN, an English gentleman, 

 celebrated for his exertions in the cause of political 

 reform, was born in 1740, at Marnham, Nottingham- 

 shire, of an ancient family. His early education was 

 rather deficient; but he made some progress in 

 mechanics and practical mathematics. He entered 

 the navy, and became a first lieutenant in 1766. In 

 1774, his attention was turned to politics. In his 

 Letters on American Independence, written in this 

 year, he advocated a union between the colonies and 

 the mother state, under separate legislatures, and 

 argued this great question on the foundation of na- 

 tural, inherent right ; maintaining " that the liberty 

 of man is not derived from charters, but from God, 

 and tliat it is original in every one." In 1775, he was 

 appointed major of the Nottinghamshire militia, and, 

 after several ineffectual attempts, on the part of go- 

 vernment, to remove him from that post, his dismis- 

 sion was finally accomplished, in 1792, in conse- 

 quence of an act of parliament. In the American 



war, lord Howe was desirous of having him with him 

 in America ; but major Cartwright, although always 

 eager for promotion in the navy, refusea the pro- 

 posal, alleging that he could not fight in a cause 

 which he disapproved. From this time, he devoted 

 himself to the two great objects of annual parlia- 

 ments and universal suffrage. In 1779, he succeeded 

 in the establishment of a Society for Constitutional 

 Information, and was the author of a declaration of 

 Rights, distributed by the society, which, Sir Wil- 

 liam Jones said, " ought to be written in letters of 

 gold." The French revolution was warmly wel- 

 comed by Cartwright, as by other friends of liberty. 

 The alliance of the sovereigns, which soon followed, 

 he considered equally irreconcilable with policy and 

 with national justice. The subsequent prosecutions 

 against the friends of reform, the fate of Muir and 

 of Holt, occasioned no small dismay among the ^peo- 

 ple. In the trials of Tooke, Hardy, Thelwall and 

 others, Cartwright took a great interest, was present 

 as a witness, and displayed much openness, fearless- 

 ness, and firmness. By his writings, public-addresses? 

 &c. , lie continued to promote the work of reform and 

 constitutional liberty ; and, as late as 1819, he was 

 tried for conspiracy and sedition, for advising the in- 

 habitants of Birmingham to send what he called their 

 " legislatorial attorney " to the house ; but he escaped 

 with a fine of 100. Major Cartwright was not a 

 political reformer only. The plan of making the 

 slave trade piracy, is said to have been first developed 

 in his Letters on the Slave Trade. The information 

 which he furnished to Daines Barrington respecting 

 the possibility of approaching the north pole ; his 

 plan for a perpetual supply of English oak for the 

 navy, which lias since been partially adopted, and 

 several other useful projects and inventions, are suf- 

 ficient evidences of his enterprise, activity; and di- 

 versified knowledge. He died in 1824, in the 

 eighty-fourth year of his age. He lias been describ- 

 ed as alike just in all the relations of life, as a citi- 

 zen, a politician, a husband, and a friend ; disinter- 

 ested, firm, and fearless ; and Fox, upon presenting 

 one of his petitions to the house, remarked, " He is 

 one, whose enlightened mind and profound constitu- 

 tional knowledge place him in the highest rank of 

 public characters, and whose purity of principle, and 

 consistency of conduct through life, command the 

 most respectful attention to his opinions." The most 

 prominent traits of his character are, enterprise, 

 firmness, and perseverance. He was a fruitful 

 writer ; quick, ingenious, powerful in argument, and 

 sometimes eloquent. His language is plain, pure, 

 and strong. 



CARVER, JONATHAN, was born in Connecticut, in 

 1732. He embraced a military career, and, in the 

 French war of 1756, commanded with reputation a 

 company of provincials, in the expedition across the 

 lakes, against Canada. When peace was concluded, 

 in 1763, captain Carver undertook to explore the 

 vast territory which Great Britain had gained. His 

 object was, to acquire a knowledge of the manners, 

 customs, languages, soil, and natural productions of 

 the nations and region beyond the Mississippi, and to 

 ascertain the breadth of the continent by penetrating 

 to the Pacific over its widest part, between N. lat. 

 43 and 46. He accordingly set oift from Boston 

 in 1766, and, having reached Michillimackinac, the 

 remotest English post, applied to Mr Rogers, the 

 governor, for an assortment of goods, as presents for 

 the Indians dwelling in the parts through which his 

 course was to be directed. Receiving. a portion of 

 the supply which he desired, and a promise that the 

 residue should be sent to him at the falls of St An- 

 thony, he continued his journey. But, not obtain- 

 ing the goods at the appointed place, in consequence 



