CHAUDIERE CHAUNCY. 



169 



the first place among the French statuaries of modern 

 times. Born at Paris, March 31, 1763, when the 

 most corrupt taste in sculpture prevailed, he finished 

 his career by works which display a degree of Gre- 

 cian simplicity and truth which few modern artists 

 have attained. In the twenty-first year of his age, 

 he obtained the first prize of the academy. He then 

 went to Rome, where he met the celebrated Drouais 

 (q. v.). They were soon united by the ties of the 

 most intimate friendship, and an equal enthusiasm 

 for art. After his return to Paris, he became a mem- 

 ber of the academy. His first work was a bass-relief 

 under the peristyle of the Pantheon, representing the 

 love of glory. The bad taste of the period could 

 not justly estimate the grand and simple character 

 of tliis work : it was reserved for later times to ap- 

 preciate the masterly and sublime performance. 

 Travellers may find in the museums of Luxembourg 

 and Trianon several of Chaudet's finest works ; among 

 them, La Sensibilite, a young girl, astonished at the 

 motion of the sensitive plant, which shrinks from her 

 touch ; the beautiful statue of Cyparissa, &c. Chau- 

 det died at Paris, April 19, 1810. 



CHAUDIERE; a river of Lower Canada, which 

 rises on the borders of Maine, near the sources of the 

 Kennebec, and, after a northerly course of about 120 

 miles, flows into the St Lawrence, six miles above 

 Quebec. The banks of the river are generally high, 

 steep, and rocky, and clothed with wood of indiffer- 

 ent growth. Three or four miles above its entrance 

 into the St Lawrence, the river lias a remarkable 

 cataract, of about 120 feet perpendicular. These falls 

 are considered not inferior to those of Montmorenci ; 

 the perpendicular height is only about half as great, 

 but the quantity of water' is vastly greater, the width 

 of the river at the cataract being 360 feet. In some 

 parts, sheets of water roll over the precipice, and fall, 

 scarcely broken, to the bottom ; while, in other pla- 

 ces, the falling water dashes from one fragment 

 of rock to another, with the wildest impetuosity, 

 and forms a great mass of foam of a snowy white- 

 ness. 



CHAUDON, Louis MAJEUL, a learned Benedic- 

 tine of the monastery of Cluny, which was secular- 

 ized in 1787, bom at Valensolles, May 10, 1737, 

 wrote several works in defence of the Catholics, for 

 which he received the thanks of the popes Clement 

 XIII. and Pius VI., in two briefs directed to him. 

 Among his works must be mentioned the Nouveau 

 Dictionnaire historique (Avignon, 1766, in 4 vols.), 

 of which ten editions have appeared, the ninth of 

 which, in 1820, is less correct than the former ones. 

 The tenth appeared at Paris in 1822, in twenty-five 

 vols. Beside this, he wrote several other valuable 

 works. He must not be confounded with his brother 

 Maieul Chaudon, like himself a member of the aca- 

 demy of Arcadians in Rome, but belonging to the 

 order of the Capuchins. The latter is the author of 

 La fie du bienheureux Laurent des Brindes (last edi- 

 tion, Paris, 1787). 



CHAUFFEPIE, JACQUES G EORGE DE, a Calviuistic 

 preacher, born at Lewarden, in Friesland, in 1702, 

 preached at Flushing, Delft, and, in 1743, at Amster- 

 dam, where he died in 1786. Besides several theo- 

 logical works, and translations from the English, he 

 wrote a Nouveau Dictionnaire historique et critique, 

 four servir de Supplement ou de Continuation au Dic- 

 tionnaire historique et critique de Bayle (Amsterdam 

 and Hague, 175056, four vols. fol.). This work 

 is founded on an English translation of Bayle, in ten 

 vols., in which many additions had been made to the 

 original. Of 1400 articles, wliich it contains, 600 

 are translated from the English without additions, 

 about 280 are corrected and augmented, and the rest 

 added by Chfinffepie'. He displays much learning, 



but, in genius, and style, falls far below Bayle. 

 Chauffepie also wrote the life of Pope. 



CHAULIEU, GUILLATTME AMFRYE DE, the French 

 Anacreon, born at Fontenai in 1639, early distin- 

 guished himself by his genius, and gained the esteem 

 of the dukes of Vendome, through whose influence 

 he was appointed abbot of Aumale, and received, be- 

 sides, several other benefices, so that his yearly in- 

 come amounted to 30,000 livres. Pleasure was now 

 the sole occupation of Chaulieu. He lived in the 

 Temple, where many persons were assembled, who, 

 like himself, united the love of pleasure with a taste 

 for letters. In this society of Epicureans, though it 

 was frequently visited by the grand prior of Vendome 

 himself, decorum and morality were not very rigor- 

 ously observed ; but the pleasures of the table were 

 heightened by poetical sallies. Chaulieu, a disciple 

 of Chapelle and Bachaumont, distinguished himself 

 among the rest by the charms of his wit and the gay- 

 ety ot his disposition, and received the surname of 

 the Anacreon of the Temple. Like Anacreon, he de- 

 voted himself to love and poetry to the last. In a 

 letter to the marquis de Lafare, he describes himself 

 as vain, impatient, and impetuous, by turns active and 

 indolent, fond of projects, and not less fond of repose. 

 He died in his house in the Temple, in 1720, aged 

 eighty-one. La Harpe justly remarks, that his ver- 

 ses display the negligence of an indolent mind, but, 

 at the same time, goud taste, and are free from all 

 affectation. 



CHAUMONT (department of the Oise), TREATY 

 oi'', concluded March 1, 1814. The former coalitions 

 of Russia, Prussia, Great Britain, Sweden, Austria, 

 and most of the German princes, against Napoleon, 

 in 1813, were principally directed to the deliverance 

 of Germany, and the dissolution of the confederation 

 of the Rhine. The principal object of the quadruple 

 alliance concluded at Chaumont between Austria, 

 Russia, Great Britain, and Prussia, was declared to 

 be to destroy the preponderance of France, and to re- 

 store permanent peace to Europe, founded on the 

 balance of power, and national independence. In 

 case this end should not be attained by the negotia- 

 tions already opened with Napoleon at Chatillon, 

 the mutual obligations already existing between the 

 allies to prosecute the war were to oe confirmed. 

 The four parties to the treaty of Chaumont agreed 

 on their respective contributions for the accomplish- 

 ment of their object, which, being punctually fulfilled, 

 led to the peace of Paris, in 1814. This treaty was 

 signed by prince Metternich, count Nesselrode, lord 

 Castlereagh, and the Prussian chancellor of state von 

 Hardenberg. The treaty of Chaumont forms an epoch 

 in the history of Europe. It contains the diplomatic 

 key to all the events which occupied the eyes of Eu- 

 rope in 1815. As it was, however, directed personal- 

 ly against Napoleon, and as France joined the allies 

 at the congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1818, for the 

 purpose ot maintaining the peace of Europe, it has 

 not been renewed. 



CHAUNCY, CHARLES, D. D., an American 

 preacher, was the descendant of president Chauncy 

 of Harvard university, a distinguished scholar and 

 divine, who came to America on account of his reli- 

 gious opinions, in 1638. Dr Chauncy was born in 

 Boston, January 1, 1705, and, after being graduat- 

 ed at Harvard, in 1721, studied divinity, and was or- 

 dained pastor of the first church in Boston, in 1727. 

 Dr Chauncy was eminent for learning, indepen- 

 dence, and attachment to the civil and religious liber- 

 ty of his country. He was easily excited, and was 

 plain and pointed in his, invectives, but was greatly 

 esteemed for his honesty, sincerity, and piety. He 

 died February 10, 1787, in the eighty-third year of 

 his age. His productions are numerous, consisting 



