174 



CHEMNITZ CHERIBON. 



is conij>oscd ol two, and join llic other component :i> 

 ail adjective ; as, pltosplmrrtted hydrogen. See tlie 

 appended Chemical Chart by Mr U illiam Grier. 



CHEMNITZ, tlie principal niiiniifacUiriiig town 

 in tin* kingdom of Saxony, in tlie department of the 

 i"r/.irel>ire, on the river (' lieimiii/. is well built, and 

 contains lOOOhouses,wiUil6,OOOinhabitants,amongst 

 whom are 1197 master-weavers, and 860 journeymen 

 and apprentices. Tlie principal manufactures are 

 white ;,iul printed calicoes, gingiuims, handkerchiefs, 

 and various articles used for bed quilts. Of twelve 

 cotton factories, founded about the middle of last 

 century, several employ from 300 to 500 workmen. 

 Forty spiiuiiiur-mills, in the town and its environs, 

 manufacture upwards of 1,000,000 pounds of yarn 

 annually. The manufacture of cotton hose lias been 

 brought to very great perfection, and they are ex- 

 ported in large quantities to tlie United States and 

 South America, besides furnishing most of the Euro- 

 pean market-, through the fairs of Leipsic, Frank- 

 fort, and Brunswick. Witliin a few years, they liave 

 even been sent to England, strange as this may 

 sound. They are manufactured in the neighbouring 

 villages. 



CHEMNITZ, MARTIN, a distinguished Protestant 

 theologian of tlie sixteenth century, rose, by his ex- 

 traordinary talents and profound knowledge, from 

 low circumstances to a high degree of celebrity. He 

 was born at Truenbrietzen, in the Mark of Branden- 

 burg, Nov. 9, 1522, of poor parents ; received his 

 education at Magdeburg and Frankfort on the Oder, 

 and, in 1544, became a schoolmaster hi \Vritzen on 

 tlie Oder, to obtain the means of continuing his 

 studies at Wittenberg. By the advice of Melancthon, 

 he applied himself to mathematics and astrology. In 

 1550, he became librarian of duke Albert of Prussia. 

 He then wrote his Loci theologici (edit. Polycarp. 

 Leyser, Frankfort on the Maine^ 1591, fol.), a valua- 

 ble commentary on Melancthon's system of dogma- 

 tics. Being invited to Brunswick, as minister, he 

 attacked the Jesuits in his Theologies Jesuitarum prae- 

 cipua Capita (Leipsic, 1562), and, when the council 

 of Trent thought itself assailed in this work, he wrote 

 his Examen Concilii Tridentini (best edit. 1707, fol., 

 Frankfort on the Maine), a work of great historical 

 value. He adhered to Luther's doctrine concerning 

 tlie eucliaris't, wrote on this subject, composed the 

 Corpus DoctrincE prutenica for the Lutherans, and 

 gradually became so implicitly attached to die Luthe- 

 ran doctrine, that his efforts in support of it contri- 

 buted to check the progress of theological science. 

 He died, April 8, 1586, at Brunswick. He was the 

 author of a great number of works besides those al- 

 ready mentioned. His grandson, Philip Bogislav 

 von Chemnitz, born in 1605, a soldier in the Swedish 

 semce, wrote the celebrated work, De Ratione Status 

 in Imperio nostro Romano-Germanico, &c. auct. Hip- 

 polito a Lapide (1640, 4to, ; nd 1647, 12mo), which 

 did more injury to the interests of the emperor than 

 the loss of many battles. He then became Swedish 

 historiographer, and wrote a history of the Swedish 

 and German war (1648 and 1653). He died at his 

 estate near Hallstadt, in Sweden, in 1678. 



CHENIER, MARIE JOSEPH DE, born, Aug. 28, 

 1764, in Constantinople (where his father, Louis 

 Chenier, known as the author of valuable works on 

 the Moors, Morocco, and the Ottoman empire, was 

 consul-general), went, when very young, to Paris, 

 served as an officer of dragoons, left tlie service, and 

 devoted himself to literary pursuits in Paris. After 

 an interval of three years, he published his Charles 

 IX ., which may be considered as a monument of the 

 taste prerailing in France at the beginning of the re- 

 volution, and is not without poetical merit. Che'nier, 

 by flattering the passions of the people, soon gained 



great popularity. His Henri Fill., La Mort de Colas, 

 and Caitu Gracchus, were rrcci\cd with great ap- 

 plause, lie was chosen a member of the conven- 

 tion, where, for a considerable time, he belonged to 

 tlie party of the most violent democrats. This spirit 

 appeal-seven in his Fenelun and Timoleon, published 

 in 1793 and 1794. In tlie last years of liis life. !: 

 was engaged in preparing a history of French litera- 

 ture. His discourses at the Athenaeum, in 1'aris, in 

 1806 and 1807, contain the history of the I'rench 

 language, and of tlie different department! of poetry 

 and prose, down to tlie times of Francis I. In an in- 

 troduction, published in 1806, he explained tlie plan 

 of tlie work, together with the principal results of his 

 researches. (See his Fragments du Coursde Littn-n- 

 ture,/ail d VAthenee en 1806 et 1807, &c. , Paris, 1808). 

 CheVier also treated of the characteristic features of 

 the principal works in French literature, from 178S to 

 1808, in his Tableau historique de I'Etat et des Pro- 

 eres de la Litterature Fran?aise depuis 1789. In his 

 last piece on the decennial prizes, lie maintained thflt 

 the prize promised for the best didactic work was clue 

 to one of his former enemies. His criticism on La 

 Harpe's Lycte is the most correct and impartial view 

 which has been given of that work. He died Jan. 11, 

 1811. 



CHERBURG, or CHERBOURG ; a seaport of 

 France, on the Channel, in the department of La 

 Manche (the Channel) ; sixteen leagues N. St Lo 

 thirty-four \V. N. VV. Paris ; Ion. 1 37' 3" W. ; lat. 

 49 38' 30'' N. ; population, 15,600. It has a com- 

 mercial court, an exchange, a school of navigation, 

 and a learned society. It is situated at the bottom 

 of a large bay, between cape Barfleur and cape La 

 Hogue. The building of small vessels and the ma- 

 nufacture of woollen stuffs form the principal employ- 

 ment of tlie inhabitants. This port has always been 

 considered, by tlie French, as an object of great im- 

 portance in the navigation of the English cliannel 

 and immense sums have been expendea in the erec 

 tion of piers, deepening and enlarging the harbour, 

 and erecting fortifications. After tlie peace of 1783, 

 the French government determined to make Cher- 

 burg a great naval depot, and in different attempts 

 before 1808, expended more than 2,000,000 in con- 

 structing a vast bulwark to break the water, render- 

 ing the road a safe anchorage. Afterwards, under 

 Napoleon, a basin was formed, 1000 feet long and 

 770 wide, occupying eighteen acres, having a depth 

 of fifty feet, and capable of containing fifty sail of the, 

 line. In addition to this, a wet dock has been con 

 structed of equal dimensions. The cost of the basin 

 and dock was nearly 5,000,000, with the expense 

 of improving the roads. The mud, however, already 

 begins to accumulate in the basin. The current, if 

 the tide sets in, is so strong, that sometimes ten or 

 twelve cables are necessary to hold a vessel. Napo- 

 leon's views respecting Cherburg, as given in count 

 Las Cases' Journal, are very interesting. 



CHERIBON ; a principality of Java, on the N. 

 coast ; lat. 6 46' S. ; Ion. 108 35' E. It is divide,! 

 into nine districts, and contains about 90,000 inhabi- 

 tants, besides strangers. This country is divided be- 

 tween two princes, both of whom are feudatories of 

 the Dutch East India company. The productions 

 are coffee, timber, cotton yarn, areca, indigo, sugar, 

 and also a little pepper: this last article formerly 

 grew here in such abundance, tliat, in the year 1680, 

 the bhar, of 375 pounds, was paid for at the rate of 

 no more than ten Spanish dollars. The rhinoceros is 

 seen on the hills and in the forests in this district. 

 The horses are small and well made, but vicious. 



C/ieribon, Sheribon, or Tcherilon ; a town in Java, 

 capital of the principality of the same name, 170 

 miles E. Batavia. It is situated at tlie bottom of a 



