CHINA-WARE. 



197 



the glae which appears fine on one body, will seem defec- 

 tive, and craze on another ; the temperature requisite for 

 fusion of its components, may be lower than will bring the 

 surface of the ware into a suitable state for combining 

 therewith, and consequently, they would intumesce, be de- 

 void of lustre, craze, and scale off; or, it might be higher 

 than the body will sustain, which being too much contracted, 

 the glaze might lie in streaks ; or, it might wauve, and be- 

 ing rendered, by the alkaline components, more fusible, at 

 a higher temperature than biscuit baking, the whole might 

 sink into one vitrified mass, as too often occurs. 



The china glazes have these raw components : : 



These are substitutes for felspar, as raw glazes: 



When borax is very expensive, this is often substituted : 

 subject equal weights of nitre and flowers of sulphur to 

 heat, till all sulphurous acid gas is dissipated ; then pour 

 on an iron plate, and, when cold, take off the greasy scum, 

 and use the remainder. 



These are the fritted glazes, in proper succession : 



1. Fritt. Flint, 54 ; lead, 17 ; glass, 17 ; nitre, 9 ; borax, 

 3. Glaze. Friti, 50 ; lead, 20 ; glass, 22 ; flint, 8. 



2. Fritt. Cornish stone, 36; glass, 28 ; flint, 25; borax, 

 11. Glazes. Fritt, 80, 60, 84, 72, 76, 78; lead, 20, 40, 16, 28, 

 24, 22. 



3. Fritt. Cornish stone, 22 ; glass, 20 ; flint, 18 ; borax, 

 6 ; potass, 18 ; salt, 12 ; nitre, 2 ; china clay, 2. Glaze. 

 Fritt, 80>; white lead, 20. 



4. Fritt. Cornish stone, 21 ; glass, 21 ; flint, 21 ; borax, 

 5 ; potass, 16 ; salt, 12 ; nitre, 2 ; china clay, 2. Glaze. 

 Fritt, 80 ; white lead, 20. 



5. Fritts. Glass, 76 ; red lead, 7 ; potass, 7 ; arsenic, 

 4| ; nitre, 5j ; glass, 47 ; potass, 53. Grind together. Glaze. 

 Fritt, 80 ; lead, 20. 



6. Fritt. Cornish stone, 82 ; flint, 9 ; nitre, 9. Grind 

 well together. Fritt, 50 ; glass, 30 ; flint, 20. Glaze. Fritt 

 mass, 50 ; lead, 45 ; flint, 3| ; potass, It. 



7. Fritt. Cornish stone, 44; glass, 30; flint, 18; borax, 

 4; nitre, 4. Glazes. Fritt, 44; cream coloured glaze, No. 

 2, 50 ; fritt, 60 ; white lead, 40 ; fritt, 78 ; white lead, 22. 



8. Fritt. Cornish stone, 31 ; glass, 38 ; borax, 31. Glaze. 

 Fritt, 80; lead, 20. 



9. Fritt. Glass, 75 ; red lead, 15 ; arsenic, 4J; nitre, 4| ; 

 black calx, I. Glaze. Fritt, 28; cornish stone, 20; glass, 

 22 ; white lead, 30. 



10. Fritt. Cornish stone, 80 ; soda, 20. Glaze. Fritt, 40 ; 

 Cornish stone, 20 ; flint, 15 ; white lead, 25. 



11. fritt. Glass, 84; flint, 10; red lead, 4; arsenic, 1; 

 nitre, I. Glaze. Fritt, 25; Cornish stone, 30; lead, 25; 

 flint 16 ; borax calxed, 4. 



12. Fritts. Glass, 72 ; red lead, 22 ; arsenic, 3 ; nitre, 3 ; 

 glass, 97 ; blue calx, 3 ; grind, together. Glaze. Fritt mass, 

 20 ;. Cornish stone, 25 ; flint, 10 ; white lead, 45. 



13. Fritts. Glass, 48 ; Cornish stone, 24 ; red lead, 20 ; 

 flint, 5 ; nitre, If ; arsenic, 1 }. 



Glass, 73; Cornish stone, 12 ; red lead, 9 ; black calx, 2; 

 nitre, 4. Glaze. Glass, 26 ; Cornish stone, 30 ; fritt, 36 ; 

 white lead, 5; potass, 3. 



These are the fritted Felspar glazes : 



1. Fritts. 1. Lynn sand, 54; soda, 46. 



2. Flint, 64 ; soda, 36 : and, 



3. Lynn sand, 70 ; soda, 18 ; China clay, 22. 

 Glaze. Fritt mass, 10 ; borax, 30; Felspar, 60. 



2. Fritt. Felspar, 90 ; carb barytes, 7 ; carb. lime, 2 ; 

 magnesian clay, or steatite, 1. 



Glazes.!. Fritt, 64 ; borax, 26 ; nitre, 5 ; potass, 5, for 

 printing ; and substitute 4 of salt for 4 of borax, 



2. Fritt, 58 ; borax, 39 ; nitre, 3. 



3. Fritt, 62 ; borax, 38. 



4. Fritt, 60 ; borax, 36 ; nitre, 4. 



3. Fritt. Felspar, 52; borax, 34; nitre, 8; soda, 2. 

 Glaze. Fritt, 60 ; borax, 40. 



4. Fritt. Felspar, 50 ; borax, 24 ; Lynn sand, 8 ; China 

 clay, 6; nitre, 6; potass, 6. Glaze. Fritt, 62; borax, 32; 

 nitre, 6. 



Fritts. Felspar, 40 ; China clay, 20 ; salt, 10 ; lime, 8 ; 

 magnesia, 8 ; barytes, 8. 



Flint, 50 ; soda, 25 ; potass, 25 ; grind together. 

 Glaze. Fritt, 60 ; borax, 32 ; nitre, 8. 



The raw glazes for earthenware, have these components : 



The fritted glazes have the following components : 



1. Fritt. Glass, 69; litharge, 18; nitre, 8 ; arsenic, 4 ; 

 blue calx, 1. Glazes. For printed. White lead, 54; Cor- 

 nish stone, 26 ; flint, 14 ; fritt, ti. Flow with rock salt, and 

 pearl ashes. For enamel. Litharge, 55 ; stone, 25 ; flint, 15 ; 

 fritt, 6. 



2. Fritt. Glass, 70 ; litharge, 22 ; nitre, 4 ; arsenic, 4 ; 

 blue calx, 1. Glazes. Printed. Fritt, 12; flint, 20 ; Cornish 

 stone, 23 ; litharge, 45. Coloured. Fritt. 18 ; flint, 10 ; 

 Cornish stone, 20; white lead, 48. Mocha. Fritt, 13 ; flint, 

 11 ; Cornish stone, 26 ; litharge, 50. Cream colour. Fritt, 

 30 ; crown glass, 20 ; flint glass, 50. 



3. Fritts. Flint, 87 ; borax, 13 : also, glass, 84 ; red 

 lead, 8 ; nitre, 3 ; salt, 5. Glaze, for enamel. Fritt, 22 ; 

 Cornish stone, 25 ; white lead, 28 ; blue calx, 1. 



4. Fritts. Red lead, 20 ; glass, 68; arsenic, 5; nitre, 5 ; 

 blue calx, 2. For flatware. Lead, 14; flint, 50 ; borax, 23 ; 

 nitre, 12; blue calx, 1. Glaze. Printed. Fritt, 80; white 

 lead, 20. 



5. Pritts. 1. Glass, 92 ; white lead, 7 ; blue calx, 1 ; also, 

 2. Glass, 68 ; red lead, 27 : arsenic, 5 ; then grind 



No. 1. 20, Mo. 2, SO, for printed teas or jugs; or 



25, 75, for flatware. 



Glaze. Fritt mass, 16 ; Cornish stone, 27 ; flint, 10 ; white 

 lead, 47. 



6. Fritt Glass, 52 ; red lead, 18 ; arsenic, 12 ; nitre, 12 ; 

 borax, 5 ; blue calx, 1. Glaze. Fritt, 20 ; white lead, 50 ; 

 stone, 24 ; flint, 6. 



The coloured glazes have these components : 



Black. 1. Shining. Calcine flinted slip, 60 ; red lead, 40; 

 mix calx, 8C ; good manganese, 14 : grind together. 



Or, 2. White lead, 66; manganese, 26; flint, 10; grind 

 together. 



Brown. 1. Raw glaze, manganese (No. 1), 33; fritt glaze 

 (No. 3,) 67, for printing. 



2. Raw glaze, manganese, (No. 1.) 67 ; fritt glaze, (No. 

 3,) 33 ; for jug necks. 



3. In best slip, 33; flint, 5 ; red lead, 62. 



Manganese, 2, will make this black. 

 Green Fritts. 1. White lead, 54; flint, 27; blue clay, 9; 

 copper calx, 9 ; blue calx, 1 : grind well. Glaze. Fritt, 15; 

 No. 2, raw glaze, 85. 



Fritt. 2. -White lead, 33 ; copper calx, 28 ; glass, 17 ; 

 flint, 22. 



Glazes. Fritt, 26, No. 4, fritt glaze, 74wfor desert ware. 

 Or, do. 20, 80, for printed. 



Or, do. 40, 60, for edging. 



Yellow. 1. Yellow calx, 14; litharge, 14; fritt glaze, (3) 72. 

 do. 20, raw glaze, (2) 80. 



The components of a glaze should be, by chemical affinity, 

 adapted to fuse together, and flow equally, (not in streaks 

 on one part, and without lustre on another,) readily com- 

 bining with those of the body, without affecting the con- 

 traction of the vessel, during the baking ; and when cold, 

 present an opaque covering of cream colour ; but for or. 

 namental wares, china or earthen, the glaze must appear 

 clear, free from specks, or bubbles, resemble velvet in soft, 

 ness to the eye, resist acids and alkalies, and bear sudden 

 rise of temperature. They also must mix with water, to 

 the denseness and resemblance of thick cream, but not 

 thicker than be, on the water being imbibed by the ware, 

 a thick coating, which when dry, will bear being placed in 

 the saggers, without a portion rubbing off. The fritt glaze 

 is ground to an impalpable powder ; and then mixed with 

 those components which are used raw, in the same manner 

 as raw glazes are mixed, by a band-mill, not unlike a 

 circular washing-machine, and then put into a dipping tub, 



To prevent the more ponderable components precipitating 

 and the deficiency leaving almost a mere wash for use, 

 constant stirring is kept up ; and there is a certain quan- 

 tity of common salt, for raw glazes, (and of muriatic acid 

 for fritt glazes,) mixed therewith, to preserve the density 

 of the medium. The DIPPKR receives from a boy each ar- 

 ticle, which he immerses, and by a peculiar movement of 

 his hands causes all (he surface to be equally yet thinly 



