200 



CLARK CLARKE. 



eulvantage. The music for this instrument is Ihere- 

 fuiv usually written in those keys. There are how- 

 ever, B flat clarinets, A clarinets, D clarinets, B 

 clarinets, and G clarinets : the tliree latter are scarce- 

 ly ever used in Britain. 



CLARK, JOHN ; an industrious critic and classical 

 commentator, who published many useful works on 

 education. lie was the master of a grammar school 

 at Hull, in Yorkshire, where he diet! in May, 1734. 

 Among his publications are an introduction to making 

 Latin, and editions of several Latin authors, with 

 English translations. 



CLARKE, ADAM, L L. D., an eminent Method- 

 ist preacher and scholar, was born in 1763, in the 

 county of Londonderry, Ireland, his father being of 

 an English family, and his mother a Scots woman. 

 lie iMrame an itinerant Methodist preacher in 1782, 

 ;:iitl continued to travel in various circuits till 1805, 

 when he took up his residence in London, where he 

 passed a considerable part of his subsequent life. He 

 died of the cholera at Bayswater, August 26, 1832. 

 He was learned in the oriental languages, and pub- 

 lished a commentary on the scriptures, and various 

 other works, among the rest a Bibliographical Dic- 

 tionary in eight or nine 12mo volumes. 



CLARKE, EDWARD DANIEL, L L. D. ; a cele- 

 brated traveller of our own times ; professor of min- 

 eralogy at Cambridge, which university he enriched 

 with the fruits of his researches in foreign countries. 

 lie was the second son of the reverend Edward 

 Clarke, author of Letters on the Spanish Nation, and 

 various mino'r works, and was born in 1767. He re- 

 ceived his education at Jesus college, Cambridge, of 

 which society he became a fellow, having taken the 

 degree of A. M. in 1794. Soon after he accom- 

 panied Lord Benvick to Italy, and, in 1799, set out 

 with Mr Cripps, on an extensive and laborious tour 

 through Denmark, Sweden, Lapland, Finland, Rus- 

 sia, Tartary, Circassia, Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, 

 Egypt, Greece, and Turkey, returning, in 1802, 

 through Germany and France. On his return, he 

 obtained, from the University to which he lielonged, 

 the honorary degree of L L. D., as a distinguished 

 mark of its approbation, and in consideration of the 

 services rendered to its public libraries and institu- 

 lutions by his liberal contributions, among which the 

 greatest, perhaps, in value, is the celebrated manu- 

 script of Plato's works, with nearly 100 others, and a 

 colossal statue of the Eleusinian Ceres. To him 

 also the British nation is indebted for the acquisition 

 of the famous sarcophagus of Alexander the Great, 

 which he discovered in the possession of the French 

 troops in Egypt, and was the means of its being sur- 

 rendered to the British army. In 1806, he com- 

 menced a course of lectures on mineralogy, having 

 brought a splendid collection of specimens to Europe ; 

 and, in 1808, a professorship being founded purpose- 

 ly for the encouragement of that branch of know- 

 ledge, he was elevated to the chair. A rare collection 

 of plants and medals proved, also, at once the cor- 

 rectness of his taste and the extent of his industry ; 

 while a curious model of mount Vesuvius, constructed 

 by him, with the assistance of an Italian artist, from 

 the materials of the mountain it represents, attests 

 his great ingenuity. This piece of art is now in the 

 possession of Lord Berwick. Dr Clarke publish- 

 ed the Testimony of different authors respecting the 

 colossal Statue of Ceres placed in the Vestibule 01 

 the Public Library at Cambridge, with an account 01 

 its removal from Eleusis (8vo., 1801 1803) ; The 

 Tomb of Alexander, a Dissertation on the Sarcoph- 

 agus brought from Alexandria, and now hi the Bri- 

 tish Museum (4to., 1805) ; A Description of the 

 Greek Marbles brought from the Shores of the Eux- 

 ine, Archipelago and Mediterranean, and deposited in 



he N'cstibuleof the I ' Diversity Library, Cambridge 

 (8vo. 1809) ; Travels in various countries of Europe 

 Asia and Africa, Part I containing Russia Tartary and 

 Turkey (4to., 1810); Part II. containing Greece, 

 Egypt and the Holy Land (Section 1st, 4to, 1812 

 Section 2d, 1814) ; and some other works. Doctor 

 Clarke died March 9, 1821. After his death, a 

 volume was published, containing his Travels through 

 Denmark, Sweden, Lapland, Norway, Finland, ami 

 Russia (London, 1823, 4to). A complete edition of 

 us works appeared, in 11 volumes, in 4to. andSvo. 

 (London, 1819 24, under the title of Travels in 

 various countries of Europe, Asia, and Africa. 



CLARKE, SAMUEL, D. D., a celebrated theolo- 

 gical and philosophical writer, was born at Nor- 

 wich, in the year 1675, of which city his father 

 was an alderman. He was educated at Caius col- 

 lege, Cambridge. Whilst at the university he dili- 

 ently cultivated a knowledge of the Scriptures, in 

 tie original languages, and, before the age of twenty- 

 one, largely contributed to diffuse the Newtonian 

 system. Being of opinion that the vehicle of an es- 

 tablished work, like that of Rohault, would be most 

 convenient for the gradual introduction of true phi- 

 losophy, he translated that author's Physics for the 

 use of young students, whom he thereby familiarized 

 with the language and reasonings of Newton. On 

 entering into orders, he became chaplain to Moore, 

 bishop of Norwich, and first became an author in his 

 own profession in 1699, when he published Three 

 practical Essays upon Baptism, Confirmation and 

 Repentance. This work was followed by Reflections 

 on a book called Amyntor, by Toland, relating to 

 the authenticity of writings not received into the 

 canon of Scripture. In 1701, he published his Para- 

 phrase on the Four Gospels, and, about the same 

 time, received two small livings in and near Norwich. 

 In 1704, he was appointed to preach the sermon at 

 Boyle's lecture, when he chose for his subject the 

 Being and Attributes of God, and gave so much sa- 

 tisfaction that he was appointed to the same office 

 the next year, when he delivered a course of sermons 

 on the Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion. 

 These sermons exceedingly raised the author's repu- 

 tation as a close and acute reasoner, although his 

 argument a priori, for the existence of a G od, was 

 by Pope and others, deemed too subtle and metaphy- 

 sical. He, however, employed it only in opposition 

 to Hobbes, Spinoza, and similar reasoners, who could 

 be no other way opposed. In 1706, he published a 

 Letter to Mr Dodwell, on the Immortality of the 

 Soul, and during the same year, gave an elegant La- 

 tin version of Sir Isaac Newton's Optics, for which 

 that great man presented liim with 500. His 

 friend, bishop Moore, now introduced him to queen 

 Anne, who appointed him her chaplain, and present- 

 ed him with the rectory of St James's, Westminster, 

 the highest preferment he ever obtained. On this 

 occasion he took his degree as D. D. In 1712, he 

 appeared as a philologist, by editing a fine edition of 

 Caesar's Commentaries, which he dedicated to the 

 great duke of Marlborough, and, in the same year, 

 published a work which involved him in endless con- 

 troversy, entitled The Scripture Doctrine of the 

 Trinity. In this production, that mysterious tenet 

 is, on critical principles, examined as deducible 

 from the words of scripture ; and the result of the 

 author's reasonings was so different from the opinions 

 of the. Church of England that it became a subject 

 of complaint in the lower house of convocation. 

 Several controversial pieces were written on this oc- 

 casion, the chief champion of orthodoxy being doctor 

 \Vaterland. In 1715 and 1716, a disputation was 

 carried on between doctor Clarke and the celebrated 

 Leibnitz, concerning the principles of natural philo- 



