COLMAN COLOGNE. 



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Colloredo belong, 1. Fabricius, born 1576, who was 

 sent as ambassador by Cosmo II., of Medici, to the 

 emperor Kodolph II. ; 2. Rodolph, count Waldsee, 

 field-marshal of the imperial armies, distinguished in 

 the thirty years' war, particularly at Lutzen, and, in 

 1648, by the defence of Prague ; 3. Jerome, born 

 1775, master-general of the ordnance, commanded in 

 1813 the first division of the army at Culm (q. v.), 

 died in 1822, while commander-in-chief in Bohemia. 



COLMAN, GEORGE ; a dramatic writer and ele- 

 gant scholar of the last century ; born at Florence, 

 in 1733 ; his father being at that time British envoy 

 to the grand duke's court. From Westminster 

 school he was removed, at the usual age, to Christ 

 church, Oxford, where he was graduated, as master 

 of arts, in 1758, having previously, in conjunction with 

 his friend Bonnel Thornton, published a series of' 

 essays after the manner of the Spectator, under the 

 title of The Connoisseur. This lively work, which 

 came out weekly, was continued from Jan. 1 , 1754, 

 till towards the close of the year 1756, and tended 

 much to establish his reputation, and procure him 

 the friendship of most of the acknowledged wits of' 

 the day. At the desire of his relation, lord Bath, he 

 turned his thoughts to the law, entered himself of 

 Lincoln's Inn, and even went so far as to be called to 

 the bar ; but his genius soon turned to the more con- 

 genial study of the belles-lettres. His poetical vein had 

 some time previously displayed itself in various oc- 

 casional pieces ; but his first dramatic attempt was 

 made in the year 1760, when his Polly Honeycombe 

 was brought out, with great temporary success, at 

 Drury lane. The year following, he produced die 

 well-known comedy of the Jealous Wife, which not 

 only excited great attention at the time, but, as well 

 as his Clandestine Marriage, has remained an estab- 

 lished favourite ever since. The English Merchant, 

 the Oxonian in Town, and a long list of other pieces 

 of less note, but not deficient in merit, followed in 

 succession, in the composition of some of which he 

 was assisted by his friend Garrick. In 1764, his pe- 

 cuniary resources were much increased by a hand- 

 some annuity bequeathed him by lord Bath ; and an 

 addition to his fortune, which he acquired three years 

 after, by the decease of general Pulteney, enabled 

 him, the following summer, to purchase Mr Beard's 

 share in Covent-garden theatre. Owing, however, 

 to variances with his partners in the concern, he was 

 induced to dispose of his portion of the property al- 

 most as soon as he had acquired it ; and to purchase, 

 in lieu of it, the little theatre in the Haymarket, 

 which he bought of Foote for an annuity, and con- 

 tinued in the personal superintendence of it till the 

 year 1790, when a paralytic attack not only deprived 

 him of the use of one side, but entirely plunged his 

 faculties into a hopeless state of derangement. He 

 nevertheless lingered on, in a lunatic asylum at Pad- 

 dington, till 1794, in which year his decease took 

 place. Besides the writings already enumerated, 

 and a large variety of others of the same class, his 

 classical attainments, and the purity of his taste, are 

 evinced by his elegant and spirited translation of 

 Horace's Art of Poetry, published hi 1783, and of 

 the comedies of Terence ; to the former of which is 

 prefixed an ingenious Commentary, which places 

 his acumen as a critic in a very respectable point of 

 view. 



COLOGNE (in German Kolri) ; formerly a free 

 city of the empire, and seat of the electoral chapter 

 of Cologne. The archbishop of Cologne was for- 

 merly a sovereign prince, and one of the most im- 

 portant members of the German empire. He resid- 

 ed at Bonn. Cologne is now the capital of the 

 Prussian district Cologne, in the province of Cleves- 

 Berg, the seat of an archbishop, a high-president, the 



government, and the court of appeal for the Rhenish 

 provinces, a tribunal of the first instance, and many 

 public Institutions. It is one of the largest and old- 

 est German cities on the left bank of the Rhine. It 

 is a league in lengtJi, in the form of a semi-circle, and 

 was built by Agrippina, the wife of the emperor 

 Claudius. The streets are narrow, dirty, and lonely. 

 With the decline of the Hanseatic league, to which 

 it belonged, this city lost its riches, and, under the 

 French government, its opulent clergy, and beauti- 

 ful works of art. The great warehouses are still 

 standing as monuments or the past, but only a small 

 number of the new buildings are distinguished for 

 beauty. The handsomest public places are, the 

 new market with its lime-trees, the hay market, and 

 the old market. Cologne has twenty churches, five 

 monasteries, 7060 houses, and upwards of 54,000 in- 

 habitants, besides the garrison. One of the noblest 

 works of Gothic architecture is the unfinished cathe- 

 dral, in the form of a cross, 404 feet long, and 180 

 wide. It was in the course of erection from the 

 year 1248 until the reformation. Only the choir, 200 

 feet high, with the chapel around it, is completed. 

 The nave is supported by 100 columns, of which the 

 middle ones are forty feet in circumference ; but it 

 has only two-thirds of its intended height, and is co- 

 vered with a wooden roof. Each of the towers was 

 designed to be 500 feet high; 250 feet of one is 

 finished, and only twenty-one of the other. Behind 

 the high altar is the chapel of the Magi, built of mar- 

 ble, in the Ionic style. In a magnificent box are 

 deposited a few relics. On the left side of the choir 

 is the golden chamber, with the treasury of the ca- 

 thedral ; but it no longer enjoys its ancient riches. 

 Respecting the originafplan of the church, which has 

 been discovered, see George Muller's Beschreibung 

 (Description), with nine engravings, large folio, and 

 twenty-six pages of text (1818), and Boisseree's work, 

 Ueber den Dom zu Koln (On the Cathedral of Cologne), 

 with engravings (1824). The church of St Gereon 

 has a lofty dome and three galleries. The church of 

 St Cunibert has an altar like the famous altar of St 

 Peter's church in Rome. The church of St Peter has 

 an admirable painting, by Rubens, of the martyrdom 

 of the apostle Peter. In the religious establishment 

 of St Ursula, for noble ladies, the visitor sees, he is 

 assured, the relics of the 11,000 virgins. These are 

 arranged on shelves, and make a formidable appear- 

 ance. The town house in Cologne has a splendid 

 portico, adorned with two rows of marble columns. 

 The Jesuit's library, though it has been deprived of 

 many works, still contains 60,000 volumes. Many 

 paintings in the monasteries and churches were car- 

 ried off or destroyed by the French. (See Boissenie.) 

 The city, however, still contains some beautiful col- 

 lections of works of art. It is favourably situated for 

 trade, forming an intermediate point between Ger- 

 many and Hofland, and its commerce, particularly in 

 Rhenish wine, or hock, is very considerable. The 

 trade in cloth, linen, lace, cotton and silk, tobacco 

 and earthen ware is still important ; likewise, the 

 distillation of Cologne water, or eau de Cologne, of 

 which several million bottles are exported every year. 

 There are fifteen manufactories of it, and the traffic 

 has been constantly increasing since the seven years' 

 war. The bottles are made in Stollberg, three leagues 

 from Aix. As a great city, where magazines can be 

 conveniently established, and military provisions ob- 

 tained, as a convenient place for crossing the Rhine 

 as an intermediate point between Wesel and Coblentz, 

 as a point of meeting of many roads, and as constitut- 

 ing a part of the basis (q. v.), from which must pro- 

 ceed the operations of the German armies against the 

 Netherlands and France, Cologne is of great military 

 importance The fortifications were restored in 1815. 



