378 



CONCIIOLOGY. 





near the columella ; sometimes with dentations be- 



Heiije nemotUis, pi. IT, f. 83. Orbicular: spire somewhat 

 elevated ; aperture broader than long ; margin not continuous. 



ORDER IV. GASTEROPODA. 



Body always straight, never enveloped in a shell which can 

 entirely contain it; foot situated under the abdomen, united 

 to the body nearly its whole length. 



FAMILY I. LIMACINEA. 



ntrina elongata, pi. 17, f. 84. Depressed, spire very short ; 

 bodv very large, aperture expanding ; outer lip bent inwards. 



festacella Haliotoidea, pi. 17, f. 8S. Nearly auriform, sum. 

 mit slightly spiral, aperture large, much expanded; outer lip 

 slightly iuflVoted. 



Lima* rufut, pi. 17, f. 86. Shell internal slightly spiral ; 

 aperture much expanded. 



ParmaceUa Olivieri, pi. IT, . 87. Shell situated interiorly 

 and posteriorly ; somewhat spiral ; aperture much dilated, 

 margin subacute. P. Cah/culata, pi. 17, f. 108. 



Onchidium. Destitute of a shell. 



SECTION II. HYOHOBRA>CIII*. 



FAMILY II. LAPI.YSIACBA. 



Dolabella callota, pi. 17, f. 88. Obloug, slightly arched, cal- 

 lous and spiral on each side. 



Laplytia radiata, pi. 17, f. 89. Nearly round; outer lip 

 somewhat reflected, outer lip acute. 



FAMILY III. BULLACKA. 



Bulla amygdala, pi. 17, f. 90. Somewhat cylindrical ; aper- 

 ture its whole length ; destitute of spire and pillar. 



BulUea catena, pi. 17, f. 91. One side somewhat involute, 

 destitute of columella or spire ; aperture expansive. 



* Utriculta obtuna, pi. 17, f. 110. Oblong -ovate ; outer lip 

 nearly the length of the body; spire very short ; volutions pro- 

 minent. 



"Akerajlexilit, pi. 17, f. 109. Elastic ; apex obtuse, canall- 

 rulated ; volutions even with the body ; aperture whole length 

 of shell, contracted at top, dilated at base ; columella visible 

 to the end. 



Acera. Destitute of a shell. 



FAMILY IV. CALYPTRACEA. 



Ancylut fluviatilis, p). 17, f- 92. Obliquely conical ; apex 

 acute, reflected backwards, margin simple continuous. 



Crepidula fornicata, pi. 17, f. 93. Oblong, back convex, 

 concave beneath, spire depressed and inclined ; aperture partly 

 closed with a horizontal plate. 



Calyptraa sinense, pi. 17, f. 94. Conical, apex vertical, 

 somewhat acute ; base orbicular, provided internally with a 

 subspiral plate. 



Ptleopsu Ungarica, pi. 17. f. 9i>. Obliquely conical ; apex 

 nbspiral ; aperture somewhat rounded ; anterior margin 

 shortest. 



Fiturella Graca, pi. 17, f. 96. Subconic, slightly concave 

 on the sides ; apex perforated ; aperture ovate, entire. 



'Siphp striatu, pi. 17, f. 1 13. Subconic, vertex turned to one 

 side, slightly spiral, a small fissure near the apex ; inside with 

 a rhombic funnel-shaped syphon. 



Emarginulafisrura, pi. 17, f. 97. Conical, vertex inclined; 

 internal cavity simple ; posterior margin with a notch. 



Farmophorui Australu, pi. 17, f. 98. Oblong, slightly con- 

 vex above ; apex inclined backwards. 



FAMILY V. SEMIPHYLLIDIACEA. 



Umbrella Indica, pL 17, f. 99. Orbicular, slightly convex ; 

 vertex nearly central 



Pleurobranehus plumula, pi. 17, f. 100. Obliquely oval, thin 

 and flat. 



FAMILY VI. PHYLLIDIACEA. 



Patella rulgata, pi. 17, f. 101. Subconic, simple, concave ; 

 vertex anteriorly inclined. 



Chiton marginatus, pi. 17, f. 102. A coriaceous border, with 

 a series of transverse imbricated plates. 



Chitonellut itriatia, pi. 17, f. 103. Elongated, middle of 

 back provided with a multivalve shell ; sides naked. 



PAyXdia. Destitute of a shell. 



FAMILY VII. TRITONIACEA. 



Dorit, Tethyt, Scyll<ea t Titonia, Eolit, and Glaucut. Des- 

 titute of shells. 



ORDER V. PTEROPODA. 



Destitute of foot and arms ; two opposite fins ; body free. 



Pneumodermon. Shelless. 



Cymbulia proboscidea, pi. 17, f. 104. Oblong, flexible, and 

 very transparent. 



Limacina helicialis, pi. 17, f. 105. Subspiral, discoidal, very 

 thin. 



Cleodora pyramidata, pi 17, f. 106. Flexible, transparent 

 form of a reversed pyramid. 



Clio. Destitute of a shell. 



Hyal^a mtpidata, pi. 17, f. 107- Transparent, globular ; 

 three teeth behind ; summit and two posterior sides open. 



CLASS II. CONCHIFERA. BIVALVES. 



Animals soft, inarticulated, without head or eyes, and ad- 

 hering to a bivalve shell ; having external branchiae, simple 

 circulation, and a unilocular heart. 



ORDER I. MONOMYARIA. 



With one muscular attachment, and one sub ventral muscular 

 in jjressmn. 



SECTION I. No LIGAMENT 



FAMILY I. BntciuopoDA. 



Lingvla anatina, pi. 18, fig. 1. Oblong, xiibequivalve, <le 

 pressed, summit truncated; base acute, with a peduncle; no 

 teeth. 



Terebratuta vitrea, pi. 18, f. 3. Inpquivalve, adhering by 

 peduncle ; larger valve perforated at summit, having a pruj-'Ct- 

 ing hook : hinge with tw teeth ; disk of small valve with two 

 osseous processes. 



Orbicula Norwegica, pi. 18, f. 2. Inequevalve, roundish ; no 

 hinga ; lower valve flat, upper valve subconic. 



FAMILY II. RUUISTA. 



Crania itriata, pi. 19, f. 4. Roundish, inequi valve; lower 

 valve flat, with oblique holes ; upper valve convex, with two 

 internal callosities. 



Disciuti oitreoides, pi. 18, f. 5. 5. Inequi valve, flattuh, with 

 central disk ; lower valve with a fissure. 



Gen. Birostritus, Calicela, Radiolites, and Spliaerulites. 

 fossil. 



SECTION II. LIGAMENT MARGINAL. 



FAMILY I. OSTRACBA. 



Anomia Ephipphium, pi. 18, f. 6. Iiiequivalve, lower valve, 

 flat, perforated, adhering by a testaceous plug; upper valve- 

 convex. 



Placuna tella, pi. 18, f. 7. Depressed, irregular, nearly 

 equivalve ; hinge with two divergent ribs, impressed into the 

 opposite valvo. 



Vulsella spongiarum. pi. 18, f 8. Longitudinal and subequi- 

 yalve : beaks equal ; hinge with an oblique hollow for the liga- 

 ment. 



Ostrea cornucopia;, pi. 18, f. 9. Inequivalve, irregular, beaks 

 separated ; no teeth in the hinge ; ligament half internal. 



Gryphasa secunda, pi. 18, f. 10. Iiiequivalve ; lower valve 

 convex, with a produced spiral beak ; upper valve small ; 

 hinge without teeth ; muscular impression single. 

 FAMILY II. PECTINIDES. 



Podopsit truncata, pi. 18, f. II. Inequivalve adhering by the 

 beak ; lower valve largest, no ears nor teeth. 



Spoiiitylia spatuliformit, pi. 18, f. 12. Inequivalve, beaks 

 unequal; eared, rugose ; hinge with two strong recurved 

 teeth in each valve ; ligament in an intervening hollow ; liga- 

 ment external. 



PKcatula cristata, pi. 18, f. 13. Iriequivalve, adherent ; no 

 ears ; base narrowed ; superior margin platted ; beaks unequal ; 

 two teeth in each valve, with an intermediate hollow for the 

 ligament, which is external. 



Pecten radu(a. pi. 18, f. 14. Free, equivalve, eared ; no 

 teeth ; ligament internal. 



PMugioitoma temilunarii, pi. 18, f. 15. Slightly eared; base 

 transverse, parallel; no teeth; ligament partly internal, re- 

 ceptacle conical. 



Lima frngilit, pi. 13, f. 16. Suhequivalve j longitudinal; 

 eared ; no teeth ; beaks divergent; ligament external. 



Pedum spondyloideum, pi. 18, f. 17. Inequivalve, ears mi- 

 nute, lower valve convex ; no teeth ; ligament partly exterior, 

 placed in the internal wall of the beaks, which are unequal ; 

 lower valve notched. 



SECTION III. LIGAMENT ELONGATED AND MARGINAL. 



FAMILY I. MALLEAOEA. 



Meleagrinamargtiritifera, p. 18, f. 18. -nbequivalve; scaly 

 externally ; posterior base with a sinus for the byssus ; no teeth ; 

 ligament nearly external. 



_ .'quently . 

 under the beaks. 



Pernaisognomum, pi. 18, f. 21. Subequivalve ; depressed ; 

 slightly distorted ; teeth of hinge sulciform and parallel ; a si- 

 nus for the byssiis. 



Crenatula phnsianoptera, pi. 18. f. 22. Subcquivalve ; de- 

 pressed; foliaceous ; hinge lateral, crenated and hollow to re- 

 ceive the lig.iment. 



FAMILY II. MYTILACEA. 



iraujusuj JUII.XHU r>y a uyesus ; heiuoin any let 

 partly interior; muscular impression elongated. 



Modiola papuana, pi. is, f. 25. Subtransverse, equivalve, 

 posterior side very short ; no teeth. 



FAMILY III. TRIDACNITKS. 



Hippopvs mamlalus, pi. is, f. 26. Equivalve, inequilateral, 

 transverse; two mm pressed teeth. 



Tridacna. sgvamosa, pi. 18, f. 27. Equivalve, inequilateral, 

 transverse : at the hinge a subrotund opening. 



ORDER II. DIMYARIA. 



Muscular impressions two, separate and lateral. 

 SECTION I. IRREGULAR AND ALWAYS IMQUITALVE. 



FAMILY I. CAMACEA. 



Etheria eUiptica, pi. is, f. 28. Adherent; bpaku short, in- 

 volved ; uo teeth ; ligament tortuous and interior. 



C/iama arcineUa, pi. 18, f. 29. Adherent ; beaks bent, un. 

 equal; one valve with a thick tooth penetraiing thn ( -ppi it 

 valve. 



