48 



ENHARMONIC. ENOCH. 



O ?! SS > O "*3 W 



?* 



O. -^H JJ o- 



8883338 



e 



B*5 .** a n a- J?" 

 333333 S, "* 



3333333 



o a-s<5 a. a. 



cr gp 03 *, (c p 



o.n crP'' -^TI 

 3 3^3 S 3^, 



an cr} -MB _ 



t a- o* as 3 "*> 

 3383388 



-h<^ cr a. a 

 3383833 



i o"n e-o >i^n Q, 



* o. =r? ^ 

 * ** 5- 



3 3 X 3 S XX 



> 



If we reckon from the keys to the thirds and all 

 the other semitones upward, it is clear that F and G 

 are irregular major keys, and that D E and B are 

 irregular minor keys, and also, that both classes of 

 keys retain their primitive distances from their rela- 

 tive semitones throughout all their stages of transpo- 

 sition. 



From a slight glance at the above tables of acci- 

 dentals, it is evident that all flats that coincide with 

 ascending sharps do also ascend ; and that all sharps 

 that coincide with descending flats descend also. 

 Now, as asceriding proper sharps differ from descend- 

 ing proper flats by one half-tone so, ascending flats 

 differ from descending flats by one half-tone ; con- 

 versely, ascending sharps differ from descending 



sharps by one half-tone, ai d this principle holds 

 equally true with respect to signatures at the cleff. 



It is therefore clear that although an ascending 

 semitonic sharp is the same with the semitonic flat 

 immediately above it, that nevertheless there is a 

 half-tone of difference between proper ascending 

 sharps and proper descending flats ; and this infer- 

 ence can very easily be proved independent of reason- 

 ing drawn from the enharmonic interval, by a prin- 

 ciple involved in the formula that forms the basis of 

 this essay. This principle may be thus expressed 

 generally : That any key whatever, say 



C b and e 



are identical to C < 



D c * f < are idf utical to 



EAtgscxfs are identical to 

 F e*a* dsgsa (s are identical to 

 Gf*b are identical to 



\gsesfs are identical to 



Rasdsgscsft are identical to 



C f and c are identical to 



B efbf are identical to 



Ad/a/e/b/ are identical to 

 G c/g/d/a/e/h/are identical to 

 Fb/f " are identic;il to 



E a/e/b/ are identica! to 



D t>fdf a f*fbf are identical to 



Ff/b/e/a/d/g/ 



g s d 



Bb/e/a/d/g/ 



Ce ib i 

 BAs a* 



A.csgtdsn 

 G b tfnvt g s 

 F ae 



1 : IT .v 1 1 .v a * 

 Dfjcjgsdsas 



Now that ascending sharps and flats differ from 

 descending sharps and flats cannot be doubted, 

 if we reflect that D major key with c s f s or 

 d f g f ascending, differ by one half-tone from 

 D major with gd aeb/, orfscsgsdsasfs 

 descending. 



ENNEPER or EMPER ROAD (in German Enne- 

 per Strasse) extends about nine miles from Hagen to 

 Gevelsberg, in the Prussian province of Westphalia 

 (formerly the county of Mark), along the river 

 Enneper or Emper, the banks of which are com- 

 pletely occupied with water-works. All sorts of 

 iron-work are manufactured here. It is one of the 

 most industrious parts of Germany, and may be com- 

 pared to Sheffield or Birmingham, in England. Iron 

 and steel manufactures are the chief. Sythes and 

 blades for cutting straw are here made annually to 

 the number of 30,000 dozens. 



ENNIUS, QUINTOS ; a celebrated Latin poet of 

 the earlier times of the republic, was born at Rudiae, 

 in Calabria, 239 B. C. Cato the Censor became 

 acquainted with him in Sardinia, was his pupil, and 

 brought him to Rome, where he soon gained the 

 friendship of the most distinguished men (Scipio 

 Africanus the Elder and others), and instructed the 

 young men of rank in Greek. With an extensive 

 knowledge of the Greek language and literature, he 

 united a thorough acquaintance with the Oscan and 

 Latin tongues, and was thereby enabled to exert a 

 great influence on the last. The rough and unpo- 

 lished style, which is to be attributed to the time in 

 which he lived, was more than compensated by the 

 energy of his expression and the fire of his language. 

 Quintilian extols him highly, and Virgil shows how 

 much he esteemed him by introducing whole verses 

 from his poems into his own works. He attempted 

 every species of poetry, sometimes more, sometimes 

 less, after the Greek manner. He wrote an epic, 

 " Scipio," in hexameters : Roman annals, from the 

 most ancient times to his own ; tragedies and come- 

 dies, of which we have some fragments ; satires and 

 epigrams ; and translations. He was presented with 

 the citizenship for his services to the Latin language 

 and poetry, of which the Romans regarded him as 

 the father. The fragments of his works have been 

 collected by Hesselius (Amsterdam, 1707, 4to.). 



ENOCH ; one of the patriarchs, who lived before 

 the deluge. He became the father of Methuselah at 

 the age of 65 years ; and, at the age of 365 years, 

 " God took him." The words quoted are generally 

 understood to mean that Enoch did not die a natural 



