ENOS ENTOMOLOGY. 



49 



death, but was removed as Elijah was. Paul 

 (Heb. xi.) is of the same opinion. 



Enoch, the Prophecy of, is an apocryphal book, 

 ascribed to Enoch, by a misunderstanding of a pas- 

 sage in the Epistle of Jude, v. 14. Several fathers 

 of the church have testified their respect for it, but 

 the Catholic church never has adopted it as canon- 

 ical. The Abyssinians are said to receive it into the 

 canon. It was for a long time lost, but Joseph Sca- 

 liger discovered a part of it. Scaliger, Vossius, and 

 others attribute it to a Jew who lived between the 

 Babylonian captivity and Christ's birth. St Augus- 

 tine, Tertullian, and Origen quote it. 



ENOS, the son of Seth, and father of Cainan ; one 

 of the patriarchs, who lived to the age of 905 years. 

 This family preserved the worship of God, whilst that 

 of Cain was plunged in all kinds of impiety. 



ENSEMBLE (French, the whole) is used in the 

 fine arts to denote the general effect of a whole 

 work, without reference to the parts. Thus we 

 speak of the ensemble of a picture, when we consider 

 the effect of the whole representation on the mind 

 of the spectator. A thing may be excellent in its 

 parts, as, for instance, a comedy, if the different 

 characters are well drawn ; yet it may be deficient in 

 its ensemble, that is, as a whole. Rousseau uses 

 this word, in the same meaning, in music ; but, at 

 present, ensemble is used for a composition of several 

 voices, in which the chief voices are independent of 

 each other, as the quintetts and finales in operas and 

 oratorios. 



ENSIGN (from the Latin insigne, standard). 

 Ensign bearer, commonly called ensign, is the 

 lowest commissioned officer in the British army, 

 and that of the United States. In the French 

 army, under Napoleon, the oldest and most dis- 

 tinguished sergeants bore the colours. Napoleon 

 ordered that those sergeants who could not write, 

 and who had distinguished themselves, should be 

 preferred, " because they could not be properly pro- 

 moted farther, and yet deserved some distinction on 

 account of their bravery." (See Las Cases.) In 

 naval language ensign is a large standard or banner, 

 hoisted on a long pole, erected over the poop, and 

 called the ensign-staff". It is more commonly called 

 flog- (q- v.) 



ENTABLATURE. The horizontal, continuous 

 work, which rests upon a row of columns. See 

 Architecture. 



ENTAIL, or TAIL (from entailer, French, to mor- 

 tise or cut into a piece of wood, so as to fit another 

 piece into it, and make a joint), is, in law, an estate 

 cut or carved out of the fees, so that the remaining 

 estates, that is, the remainder or reversion, together 

 with the estate tail, or all the estates tail, will consti- 

 tute the entail fee. It is, accordingly, always a lesser 

 estate than a fee simple. See Estate. 



ENTERITIS (from IVTIJ , an intestine) ; inflamma- 

 tion of the intestines. It is known by the presence of 

 fever, fixed pain in the abdomen, costiveness, and 

 vomiting. The causes are acrid substances, indur- 

 ated faeces, long-continued and obstinate costiveness, 

 spasmodic colic, and a strangulation of any part of 

 the intestinal canal ; but another very general cause 

 is the application of cold to the lower extremities, or 

 to the belly itself. It is a disease which is most apt 

 to occur at an advanced period of life, and is very 

 liable to a relapse. It comes on with an acute pain, 

 extending, in general, over the whole of the abdomen, 

 but more especially round the navel, accompanied 

 with eructations, sickness at flie stomach, a vomiting 

 of bilious matter, obstinate costiveness, thirst, heat, 

 great anxiety, and a quick and hard small pulse. 

 After a short time, the pain becomes more severe, 

 die bowels seem drawn together by a kind of spasm, 

 in. 



the whole region of the abdomen is highly painful to 

 the touch, and seems drawn together in lumpy contrac- 

 tions ; invincible costiveness prevails, and the urine 

 is voided with great difficulty and pain. The inflam- 

 mation, continuing to proceed with violence, termi- 

 nates at last in gangrene ; or, abating gradually, it 

 goes off by resolution. Enteritis is always attended 

 with considerable danger, as it often terminates in 

 gangrene, in the space of a few hours from its 

 commencement. The treatment must be begun by 

 taking blood freely from the arm, as far as the 

 strength of the patient will allow ; but, the disease 

 occurring more frequently in persons rather advanced 

 in years, and of a constitution somewhat impaired, it 

 becomes more important to limit this evacuation, and 

 rely, in a great measure, on the effects of a number of 

 leeches, applied to the abdomen. Another very 

 useful step is to put the patient into a hot bath, 

 which may presently induce fkintness ; or, where this 

 cannot be procured, fomenting the abdomen assidu- 

 ously. When the symptoms are thus materially 

 relieved, an ample blister should be applied. It 

 becomes, also, of the first importance to clear out 

 the bowels. After the disease is removed, care 

 should be taken to guard against accumulation of 

 fasces, exposure to cold, or anything else likely to 

 occasion a relapse. 



ENTOMOLOGY (from IVo^a, insects, and xy, 

 doctrine) is that branch of zoology which treats of 

 the structure, habits, and consequent arrangement of 

 the third class of articulated animals called insecta 

 or insects, which may be briefly characterized as arti- 

 culated animals, furnished with articulated feet and 

 a dorsal vessel or rudimental vestige of a heart, 

 respiring by means of two principal parallel tracheae, 

 and provided with two movable antennae and a dis- 

 tinct head. 



Insects are not furnished with red blood, but their 

 vessels contain a transparent lymph. This may serve 

 to distinguish them from the superior animals, but it 

 is common to them with many of the inferior ; though 

 Cuvier has demonstrated the existence of a kind of 

 red blood in some of the vermes. They are destitute 

 of internal bones, but, in place of them, are furnished 

 with a hard external covering, to which the muscles 

 are attached, which serves them both for skin and 

 bones ; they are likewise without a spine formed of 

 vertebra?, which is found in all the superior classes 

 of animals. They are furnished with articulated legs, 

 six or more; this circumstance distinguishes them 

 from all other animals destitute of a spine formed of 

 vertebrae. A very great number of insects undergo 

 a metamorphosis : this takes place in all the winged 

 insects. They frequently change their skin in the pro- 

 gress of their growth. A very great number of bisects 

 are furnished with jaws placed transversely. The 

 wings with which a very great number of insects are 

 furnished, distinguish them from all other animals, 

 which are not furnished with a spine composed of 

 vertebrae. Insects are generally oviparous ; scorpions 

 and aphides, during the summer months, are vivipar- 

 ous. Insects have no nostrils ; are destitute of voice ; 

 they are not furnished with a distinct heart, composed 

 of ventricle and auricle. Incubation is not necessary 

 for hatching their eggs. 



Insects, like all other organized bodies, which 

 form the animal and vegetable kingdoms, are com- 

 posed of fluids and solids. In the four superior 

 classes of animals, viz., mammalia, birds, reptiles, 

 and fishes, the bones form the most solid part, and 

 occupy the interior part both of the trunk and limbs ; 

 they are surrounded with muscles, ligaments, cellular 

 membrane, and skin. The matter is reversed in the 

 class of insects ; the exterior part is the most solid, 

 serving at the same time both for skin and bones ; it 



