130 



EYE F. 



window made in a pediment, an attic, the reins of a 

 vault, or the like. 



EYE, in agriculture and gardening, signifies a 

 little bud, or shoot, inserted into a tree by way of 

 graft. 



EYE OF A DOME ; an aperture at the top of a 

 dome, as that of the Pantheon at Rome, or of St 

 Paul's at London : it is usually covered with a lan- 

 tern. 



EYE OF A TREE ; a small pointed knot, to which 

 tne leaves stick, and from which the shoots or sprigs 

 proceed. 



EYEBRIGHT (Euphrasia officinalis); a small 

 plant belonging to the natural order rhinanthacea, 

 which is found in Canada and in the northern parts 

 of Europe. It is annual, from three to eight inches 

 high, often much branched; the leaves ovate and 

 dentate; the flowers axillary and almost sessile; the 

 corolla is monopetalous, white, streaked with purple, 

 and with a yellow spot on the lip. The whole plant 

 lias a bitter taste. It formerly enjoyed a great repu- 

 tation in diseases of the eyes, probably on account of 

 the brilliancy of its flowers. 



EYELET HOLES; round holes worked in a sail, 

 to admit a small rope through, chiefly the robins (or 

 rope-bands), and the points or reef-line. 



EYELID. The eyelid is the external covering of 

 the eye. Its peculiar adaptation to its proper offices 

 cannot be sufficiently admired. It forms the cover 

 which closes the eye during sleep, when it remains 

 motionless for hours; it serves the purpose of wiping 

 and cleansing the ball of the eye, as well as moisten- 

 ing it by spreading the tears over its surface, for the 

 performance of which offices it is, during the waking 

 hours, in incessant motion. It screens the eye also 

 from excessive light, which might often be injurious 

 or destructive to it. The sympathy between the eye 

 and its lids is very close, as was absolutely necessary 

 to their proper action; and this is so much the case, 

 that in weakness of the nerve of the eye, the smart- 

 ing, which warns us to close them, is always felt in 

 the lids. Their diseases, like those of the eye, are 

 various, but of minor importance. 



EYLAU, PREUSS; a small town, about twenty- 

 eight miles distant from Konigsberg, in Prussia Pro- 

 per, with 1500 inhabitants, on the lake of Arschen, 

 famous for one of the bloodiest battles on record, 

 fought between Napoleon and the allied Russians and 

 Prussians, on the 7th and 8th of February, 1807. 

 The chief battle was on the 8th, and lasted twelve 

 hours, amid the thunder of 300 cannons. The car- 

 nage was increased by a fall of snow, which, by caus- 



ing the column of Augerenu to march too far to the 

 left, and thus fail of their object, caused the battle to 

 be much longer protracted. Augereau himself was 

 wounded, and his corps dissolved and incorporated 

 with the others, so much had it suffered. Ney and 

 Davoust, who were despatched by the emperor Na- 

 poleon to outflank the enemy, at last succeeded, and 

 decided the battle; but the loss on both sides was 

 terrible. Nine Russian generals were wounded ; 

 three French generals killed, and five wounded. The 

 Russians killed were estimated at 12,000, by some, 

 only at 7000. The loss of the French was estimated 

 at 42,000 men ; their own statements, however, make 

 it much less. So much is certain- -neither side ob- 

 tained its object ; and had not the young officer des- 

 patched by Napoleon with the orders for the battle, 

 &c., to Bernadotte, fallen into the hands of the Rus- 

 sians, there is little doubt that the French would have 

 gained a complete victory. According to Scholl 

 (viii. 405), Napoleon, on February 26 and April 29, 

 offered a separate peace to the king of Prussia ; but 

 he concluded a new alliance with Alexander, April 

 26. The battle of Friedland followed, and the hu- 

 miliating peace of Tilsit was concluded. 



EYEMOUTH, a small town in Berwickshire, Scot- 

 land, situated at the mouth of the river Eye. It was 

 at an early period a place of some importance, from 

 its possessing a fort of great strength, and from its 

 proximity, as a Scottish harbour, to England. Popu- 

 lation of town and parish in 1831, 1181. 



EZEKIEL ; the third of the great prophets, a son 

 of Buzi, of the race of priests. He was carried away, 

 when young (about 599 B. C.), into the Babylonish 

 captivity. Here he received the gift of prophecy, 

 while he was among other captives, by the river 

 Chebar. He was commanded by God in a vision to 

 speak to the children of Israel, and to watcli over his 

 people. In another vision, God revealed to him the 

 sufferings which the Israelites were to undergo for 

 their idolatry. God also revealed to him the end of 

 the captivity, the return of his people, the restoration 

 of the temple and city, and, finally, the union of 

 Judah and Israel under one government, and the 

 return of their former prosperity. He was also mira- 

 culously informed of the siege of Jerusalem by the 

 Chaldeans, and communicated the information to his 

 fellow exiles. He prophesied against Egypt, against 

 Tyre and Sidon, against the Idumeans and Ammon- 

 ites. His prophecies are divided into forty chapters ; 

 they are obscure, full of poetic fire, and were not re- 

 ceived into the Jewish canon till a late period. The 

 time and manner of the prophet's death are uncertain. 



F 



F is the sixth letter of the English alphabet, and 

 represents the sound produced by bringing the up- 

 per teeth against the lower lip, and then breathing 

 with a hissing noise. It therefore belongs to the 

 semi- vowels, and to those which the Germans call 

 Blaselaute (blowing sounds). This aspiration may 

 be more or less violent. It may even be so soft as 

 to pass over into a mere aspirated h, and is some- 

 times entirely lost ; as the Latin facere, in the pro- 

 nunciation of Spain, became hacer, and is now pro- 

 nounced only acer. In the same way/andus became 

 hondo (deep). F, in etymology, is altogether an un- 



settled sound, passing into h. and v, and b, on the one 

 side, and into p on the other, as many letters pro- 

 nounced with similar organic movements are found 

 to take each other's places in the various mutations 

 of languages. At the beginning of a word, /often 

 does not belong to the root, particularly before r and 

 /; for / is little more than a strong aspirate, and it 

 is well known that the aspirates are not objects of 

 much care before a language has become settled by 

 writing, or with persons who do not write ; as the 

 lower classes in England so often omit the h where 

 it shouid be pronounced, and pronounce it where it 



