154 



FAVIER FEARN. 



logue de Ullage, &c., are eillier in the Repertoire du 

 Theatre Francois, or are translated into foreign 

 languages. During the latter part of his life, Favart 

 received a pension of 800 francs from the comedie Ital- 

 iennt. He died 1792, at the advanced age of eighty- 

 two years. Original and lively ideas, graceful and 

 natural expression of tender feeling, a skilful delinea- 

 tion of characters mostly rural, and a pure and easy 

 diction in verse as well as prose, are the attributes 

 of Favart 's muse. A complete edition of his works 

 was published in 8 vols., 1763 (to which two were 

 added in 1772?), and, in 1809, a selection of his best 

 operas, in 3 vols. His son, Charles Nicholas Favart 

 (born 1749, died 180(i), known as an actor at the 

 theatre Italien, wrote several pieces which obtained 

 considerable applause. 



FAVIER ; an eminent French statesman, born at 

 Toulouse, in the beginning of the eighteenth century. 

 At the age of twenty-five, he succeeded his father as 

 secretary-general to the states of Languedoc ; but he 

 was obliged, in consequence of youthful extravagance, 

 to sell the office. He then applied himself to the 

 study of history and politics, and was nominated 

 secretary to M. de la Chetardie, ambassador to Tu- 

 rin, after whose death he was patronised by M. 

 d'Argenson. Under the direction of that minister, 

 he wrote Reflexions contre le Traite de 1756 (f)etween 

 France and Austria), one of the best diplomatic trea- 

 tises which liad then appeared. He went out of office 

 when d'Argenson left the ministry, but was employed 

 on several secret missions in Spain and Russia, under 

 the ministry of the duke de Choiseul. He engaged 

 in other secret transactions of the French government 

 at the instigation of the count de Broglie, who cor- 

 responded secretly (but by order of Louis XV.) with 

 the French foreign ministers, which involved him in 

 difficulties, and obliged him to leave France. After 

 passing some time in England and Holland, where he 

 became acquainted with prince Henry of Prussia, he 

 was, at last, arrested at Hamburg, and taken to Paris. 

 M. de Broglie procured his liberation in 1773 ; and, 

 on the accession of Louis XVI., he obtained a pen- 

 sion of 6000 livres, but was not afterwards employed. 

 He died in 1784. M. de Segur has collected a part 

 of the works of Favier in his Politique de tons les Cabi- 

 nets de f Europe pendant les Regnes de Louis XF~. et 

 de Louis XTI., (1793, 2 vols., 8vo, and 1802, 3 

 vols.). Favier also published several pieces himself; 

 and he was engaged with Freron, J. J. Rousseau, 

 the abbe Arnaud, Suard, and others, in conducting the 

 Journal Stranger. 



FAVVKES, Guv. See Gunpowder Plot. 

 FAXARDO, DIEGO DE SAAVEDRA, a statesman, 

 and one of the best Spanish prose writers, was born, 

 towards the end of the sixteenth century, of a noble 

 family of the kingdom of Murcia, and studied at Sala- 

 manca, where he was made doctor of law. He went, 

 with the Spanish ambassador Borgia, to Rome, as 

 secretary for Neapolitan affairs, was afterwards Span- 

 ish agent at the Roman court, and repaired to Rat- 

 isbon in 1636, to be present at the election of Ferdi- 

 nand as king of the Romans. After other diplomatic 

 employment*, he was sent, by Philip IV., to the con- 

 gress at Munster, in 1643. He was recalled in 1646, 

 and was appointed a member of the supreme council 

 of the Indies, at Madrid, where he died in 1648. 

 His works are, Idea de un Principe politico Chris- 

 tiano, represendado en cien Empresas, with emblems 

 (Monaco, 1640), and often republished, also trans- 

 lated into Italian, French, Latin and German ; like- 

 wise Corona Gotica, Castellana y Austriaca politica- 

 mente iluttrada. This desultory and superficial, yet 

 classical specimen of historical research, was to have 

 consisted of three parts ; but one only was completed. 

 Alphonso Nunes de Castro added a miserable con- 



tinuution. He also wrote Repvllka Literaria (a 

 humorous and sometimes satirical comparison of the 

 old with the new distinguished Spanish writers), and 

 Locuras de Europa, Dialogoposthumo. His complete 

 works were printed at Antwerp, 1683, 4to. 



FAYAL ; one of the Azores ; Ion. 28 41' W. ; 

 lat. 38 31' N. It is of a circular form, about ten 

 miles in diameter, rising abruptly from the sea, 

 reaching, in the centre, to the height of 3000 feet. 

 The climate is good, and the air always mild and 

 pure. The cold of winter is never felt, and the heat 

 of summer is tempered by refreshing winds. It pro- 

 duces plenty of pasture for cattle ; birds are numer- 

 ous, and plenty offish is caught on the coast. The 

 chief place is Villa Horta, or Orta. The origin of 

 the island is volcanic. The soil is very fertile. It 

 produces, in abundance, wheat, maize, flax, and 

 almost all the fruits of Europe. Oranges and lemons 

 abound. It has an important commerce with Europe 

 and America. The population is reckoned at 22,000, 

 who are said to be distinguished for mildness, sim- 

 plicity and honesty. 



FAYENCE. See Faience. 



FAYETTE, GENERAL LA. See La, Fayette. 



FAYETTE, MARIE MADELINE, COUNTESS DE LA. 

 See La Fayette. 



F A YETTEVILLE, a post-town of North Carolina, 

 capital of Cumberland county, near the west bank of 

 the north-west branch of Cape Fear river ; population 

 in 1820, 3532. It is one of the most flourishing towns 

 in North Carolina, and has a pleasant and advantage- 

 ous situation at the head of steamboat navigation. 

 The situation is healthful, and favourable for trade 

 and manufactures. The land around is considerably 

 elevated, and the soil dry and barren, except on the 

 water courses, where it is rich. This town was 

 settled chiefly by Scottish Highlanders. 



FAYOUM ; a province of the northern part of 

 Central Egypt, separated by mountains from the 

 Lybian desert. Its superficies contains about 500 

 square miles. The soil is alluvial, and, in the north, 

 particularly fertile. The western part, in former 

 times well cultivated, is at present covered with 

 sand. Fayoum is irrigated by canals coming from 

 the canal of Joseph, but they are badly taken care 

 of, and the province cannot any longer compete with 

 the Delta. In the best watered parts, rice, barley, 

 rye, and flax are cultivated. The linen of Fayoum 

 is highly esteemed. There are, also, cotton manu- 

 factories, which consume all the cotton raised in 

 Fayoum, besides some brought from Cairo and Lower 

 Egypt. Commerce is carried on with Cairo by cara- 

 vans, which weekly leave Tamieh with shawls, otto 

 of roses, figs, dates, linen cloths, &c., and exchange 

 them for cotton, soap, cloth, &c., from Europe. 

 The Memoirs of Savary, duke of Rovigo, describe 

 the conquest of Fayoum by general Desaix. 



FEARN, a parish in Forfarshire, six miles in 

 length and two in breadth, lying at the foot of the 

 Grampian Hills, and watered by the Noran and 

 Cruik, on the banks of the former of which are the 

 ruins of Vain castle, once the residence of the cele- 

 brated Cardinal Beaton. The surface is partly 

 appropriated to pasturage and plantations, and partly 

 to tillage ; the latter grounds are very productive, 

 having the advantage of a fine slope to the south- 

 ward. Game and peats are plentiful. The inhabi- 

 tants of this parish, led on by a gallant youth of 

 seventeen, inflicted a severe chastisement on the 

 Ketrin, or Highland robbers, on their last inroad in 

 1710; during which, the boy slew their chief in 

 single combat Population in 1831, 450. 



FEARN ; a parish and village in Ross-shire, the 

 latter of which is situated adjacent to the ruins of an 

 old abbey, founded by the first earl of Ross, whose 



