FEVRE FEZ. 



187 



temporary use, and occasionally of permanent benefit. 

 Thirst may be abated by small quantities of very cold 

 water, or by frequently swallowing small portions of 

 ice, as directed above : sometimes the feeling of the 

 stomach is in favour of warm drinks ; when this is 

 the case, the craving or instinct should be indulged. 

 Hiccough is sometimes extremely distressing in this 

 complaint. Camphor, in doses of from five to ten 

 grains, will sometimes relieve it. Should it offend 

 the stomach, it may be given very advantageously in 

 a gill of rich flaxseed tea, and thin starch, or mucilage 

 of gum-arabic, as an enema. The utmost attention 

 must be constantly paid to the patient by the nurse : 

 he should have the luxury of fresh air constantly, and 

 the frequent renewal of clean, fresh body linen and 

 bedclothes. 



FEVRE, TANNEGCI LE, or TANAQUILLUS 

 FABER; a classical scholar of great eminence in the 

 seventeenth century. He was born at Caen, in Nor- 

 mandy, in 1615, and was educated at the college of 

 La Fleche, at Paris, where he distinguished himself 

 by his literary acquirements. Cardinal Richelieu 

 procured him a pension of 2000 livres, with the office 

 of inspector of works printed at the Louvre. After 

 the death of that minister, being neglected by his 

 successor, cardinal Mazarin, he gave up his employ- 

 ment, and went to Langres, where he embraced the 

 Protestant profession. He subsequently removed to 

 Saumur, and was made professor of classical litera- 

 ture. After residing there some years, he was in- 

 vited, by the prince palatine, to Heidelberg, and was 

 about to quit Saumur for tliat place, when he died, 

 in 1672. His works, which are numerous, consist of 

 commentaries on several of the Greek and Latin 

 classics; translations from Xenophon, Plato, Dio- 

 genes Laertius, Plutarch, Lucian. &c.; letters ; lives 

 of the Greek poets, in French ; and Greek and Latin 

 poems. Voltaire, in his Siecle de Louis XIV., ex- 

 presses doubts of the sincerity of Le Fevre in his 

 change of religion, and says that he despised those 

 of his sect, and lived among them more as a philoso- 

 pher than a Huguenot. He had two daughters, one 

 of whom was the celebrated madame Dacier, and the 

 other was married to Paul Bauldry, professor of ec- 

 clesiastical history at Utrecht. His son, after having 

 been a Calvinist minister, returned to the religion of 

 his ancestors. 



FEYERABEND ; a family of Frankfort on the 

 Maine, celebrated, in the sixteenth century, on 

 account of the number of artists and literary men who 

 derived their origin from it. The eldest that is 

 known, John Feyerabend, was an engraver on wood. 

 He has marked his productions with the initials of 

 his name. A New Testament, in the Latin language, 

 is adorned with his cuts. Sigismund Feyerabend, a 

 draughtsman, engraver on wood, and printer, pub- 

 lished several excellent editions of ancient writers, 

 among which was one of Livy, folio, in 1568, with 

 neat copptr-plates by Josse Amman. Papillon men- 

 tions a collection of plates for the Bible, quarto, in 

 1569, several of which are marked with the initials of 

 Sigismund Feyerabend. He also speaks of Icones 

 Novi Testament i Arte et Industria singulari expresses 

 (1571, 4to) .in which copper-plate engravings, by this 

 artist, occur. Sigismund Feyerabend published the 

 following collections : \.AnnalesseuHistoria Rerum 

 Belgicarum a diversis Auctoribus ad hcec usque nostra 

 Tempora conscriptce et deducts (Frankf., 1560, 2 

 vols., folio) ; 2. Mmmmenta illustrium Conditione et 

 Doctrina Virorum, Figuris arlificiosissimis expressa 

 (Frankf., 1585, folio). He also published, at his own 

 expense, the Gyneeceum, a collection of female cos- 

 tumes. Charles Sigismund Feyerabend succeeded 

 his father in the same business in 1580. He published 

 several cciiections of copper-plate engravings. 



FEYJOO Y MONTENEGRO, BENEDICT JEROME; 

 a Spanish Benedictine monk and writer of the last 

 century. He published his speculations on a vast 

 variety of topics, in the form of essays designed for 

 popular use, whence he lias been sometimes styled 

 the Spanish Addison. His Teatro Critico Universal 

 (14 vols, 4to, Madrid, 1733), and his Cartas eruditas 

 y curiosas, are both works of merit, and are devoted 

 to a common object the refutation of vulgar errors, 

 and the abolition of prejudices. Divinity, law, 

 medicine, and philosophy, successively occupy his 

 attention ; and some of the superstitions of his church 

 and nation are animadverted on with freedom and 

 good sense. He died in 1765. A new edition ofhis 

 works was published in 1778, 15 vols, 4to ; and a 

 selection from his essays and discourses appeared in 

 an English translation, 1780, 4 vols., 8vo. 



FEZ (part of ancient Mauritania) ; a country in 

 Africa, formerly a kingdom of great extent, now a 

 province of Morocco ; oounded north by the straits 

 of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean, east by Algiers, 

 south by Morocco, and west by the Atlantic. It is 

 divided into nine provinces or districts Shavoya, 

 Temsena, Fez, Beni-hassen, Garb, Shaus, Rif, Tedla 

 and Garet; the whole united to the empire of 

 Morocco. The principal towns are, Fez, the capital, 

 Mequinez, Melilla, Ceuta, Tangier, Larache, Mamora 

 and Sallee. Square miles, about 89,000. The soil 

 is fertile, producing, in the greatest abundance, corn, 

 fruit, flax, salt, gum, wax, &c. Oranges, lemons, figs 

 and olives everywhere abound. The Moors, how- 

 ever, are but bad farmers, and cultivate only in pro- 

 portion to their wants, so that two-thirds of the 

 country lie waste. 



FEZ, or FAS ; a city of Morocco, capital of the 

 country of Fez; 160 miles south Gibraltar, 200 

 N. N. E. Morocco ; Ion. 5" 20 1 W. ; lat. 33 50' N.; 

 population, according to Ali Bey, about 100,000 ; 

 Jews, 2000 ; population, according to the improbable 

 statement of Jackson, 380,000. It was built in 793, 

 by Edris, and soon became a large city, and the 

 capital of the western Mohammedan states. Accord- 

 ing to Leo Africanus, it contained, in the twelfth 

 century, 700 temples and mosques, of which fifty 

 were magnificent, and adorned with marble pillars. 

 It was esteemed a sacred city, and when the road to 

 Mecca was shut up, in the fourth century of the 

 Hegira, the western Mohammedans made pilgrimages 

 to Fez, and the eastern to Jerusalem. It was also 

 famous as a school of learning, at a time when know- 

 ledge was almost exclusively possessed by the 

 Saracens. Its numerous schools of philosophy, physic 

 and astronomy were not only resorted to from all the 

 Mohammedan kingdoms of Spain and Africa, but 

 were attended by Christians. The situation of Fez is 

 singular. It lies in a valley, which is formed, by 

 surrounding hills, into a sort of funnel, the higher 

 parts of which are covered with trees, orange groves 

 and orchards. A river winds through the valley, 

 refreshing the fields, supplying the city with water, 

 and turning numerous mills. The gardens around it 

 form a delightful amphitheatre. On a height, above 

 the rest of the city, stands New Fez, founded in the 

 thirteenth century, a well-built town, inhabited 

 chiefly by Jews. The principal edifice is the mosque 

 of Carubin, described by Leo as one mile and a half 

 in circumference ; but Europeans are not permitted 

 to see it. Fez contains 200 caravansaries or inns, 

 two or three stories high. The hospitals, once numer- 

 ous, are, in a great measure, fallen to decay. The 

 shops make a handsome appearance, and the markets 

 are immensely crowded. Here are still some remains 

 of those learned institutions for which the city was 

 once distinguished. Fez is said now to exhibit a 

 singular mixture of splendour and ruin. In 1799, 



