FORCELLINI FORECASTLE. 



231 



three or four thousand pounds ; his ordinary pace is 

 equal to that of a slow trot ; he travels easily over 

 forty or fifty miles in a day, and has been known to 

 perform, in that time, a journey of one hundred and 

 ten miles. His sagacity directs him to apply his 

 strength according to the exigency of the occasion. 

 The camel is a most useful beast of burden in the 

 arid plains of Arabia. The stronger ones carry a 

 load of ten or twelve hundred weight, and the weaker 

 ones transport six or seven hundred ; they walk at 

 the rate of two miles and a half an hour, and march 

 about thirty miles every day. The camel travels 

 often eight or nine days, without any fresh supply 

 of water. When a caravan encamps an the evening, 

 he is, perhaps, turned loose, for the space of an hour, 

 to browze on the coarsest herbage, which serves him 

 to ruminate during the rest of the night. In this 

 manner, without making any other halt, he will per- 

 form a dreary and monotonous journey of two thou- 

 sand miles. Within the arctic circle, the rein-deer is 

 a domesticated animal, not less valuable. He not only 

 feeds and clothes the poor Laplander, but transports 

 his master with great swiftness in a covered sledge, 

 over the snowy and frozen tracts. The rein- 

 deer subsist on the scanty vegetation of moss or 

 lichens, and are docile, but not powerful. Two of 

 them are required to draw a light sledge : so harnes- 

 sed, they will run fifty or sixty miles on a stretch, 

 and sometimes perform a journey of an hundred and 

 twelve miles in the course of a day. But such exer- 

 tions soon wear them out. A sort of dwarf camel 

 was the only animal of burden possessed by the an- 

 cient Peruvians. The lama is, indeed, peculiarly 

 fitted for the lofty regions of the Andes. The strong- 

 est of them carry only from 130 to 200 pounds, but 

 perform about iifteen miles a day over the roughest 

 mountains. They generally continue this labour 

 (luring five days, and are then allowed to halt two or 

 three days before they renew their task. The paco 

 is another similar animal, employed likewise in trans- 

 porting goods in that singular country ; it is very 

 stubborn, however, and carries only from iifty to 

 seventy pounds. Even the exertions of goats have, 

 in some parts of Europe, been turned to useful 

 labour. They are made to tread in a wheel which 

 draws water or raises ore from the mine. Though a 

 very little animal, the goat exerts much force, as he 

 climbs at a high angle. Supposing this soaring 

 creature, though only the fourth part of the weight 

 of a man, to march as fast along an ascent of 40, as 

 he does over one of 18, the sine of the former 

 being double that of the latter, it must perform half 

 as much work. 



FORCELLINI, EGIDIO or GILES, an Italian philo- 

 logist, celebrated as a lexicographer, was born 1G88, 

 in a village not far from Feltre, in the ancient Vene- 

 tian territory. The poverty of his parents prevented 

 him from going to school, and he was almost grown 

 up when he began to study Latin in the seminary at 

 Padua. His teacher in this language, who soon 

 became his friend, was professor Facciolato. For- 

 cellini made rapid progress in the ancient languages, 

 and assisted Facciolato in his new and greatly aug- 

 mented edition of Calepin's dictionary of seven lan- 

 guages. The two friends then resolved to publish a 

 complete Latin dictionary. But the execution of this 

 uroject was long delayed by Forcellini's being 

 appointed professor of rhetoric and president of the 

 seminary at Ceneda, in the Trevisan. But, having 

 been recalled to Padua in 1731, and having obtained, 

 through the patronage of the bishop of that city, car- 

 dinal Rezzonico, sufficient leisure to prosecute his 

 task, he finished it under the direction of Facciolato. 

 It was published under the title JEgidii Forcellini 

 tvtius Latinitatis Lexicon, &c. (Padua, 1771, 4 vols. 



folio) a monument of erudition and accurate know, 

 ledge of the Latin tongue. Forcellini died in 1708. 

 See Facmolato. 



FORCEPS, in surgery, &c. ; a pair of scissors for 

 cutting oft', or dividing, the fleshy, membranous parts 

 of the body, as occasion requires. 



FORCIBLE ENTRY and DETAINER, in law, is 

 the violently taking and keeping possession of lands 

 or tenements with arms or menaces, and without 

 authority of law, whereby he who has the right of 

 entry is kept out of possession. By the ancient com- 

 mon law, he who had the right of entry into lands, 

 might make entry by force ; but, this liberty being 

 abused, a statute was passed in the time of Richard 

 II. , a'nd subsequently other statutes, subjecting a party 

 who should make forcible entry into lands to indict- 

 ment, and provision has also been made for a sum- 

 mary process to be issued by two justices of the 

 peace for the purpose of restoring the party thus 

 forcibly expelled, or kept out of his lands, to the pos- 

 session. 



FORCING, among gardeners, signifies the making 

 trees produce ripe fruit before their usual time. This 

 is done by planting them in a hot-bed against a 

 south wall, and likewise defending them from the 

 injuries of the weather by a glass frame. They 

 should always be grown trees, as young ones are apt 

 to be destroyed by this management. The glasses 

 must be taken oft' at proper seasons, to admit the 

 benefit of fresh air, and especially of gentle showers. 



FORD, JOHN, an early English dramatic author, 

 was born in Devonshire, in 1580, and entered the 

 Middle Temple in 1602, for the purpose of studying 

 law. While there, he published, in 1606, a piece 

 entitled Fame's Memoriall, a species of monody on 

 the earl of Devonshire, which poem, considered as 

 the production of a youth, exhibits great freedom of 

 thought and command of language. He printed his 

 first tragedy of the Lover's Melancholy, in 1629. 

 This, however, was not his first play, as a piece of 

 his, entitled A bad Beginning makes a good End- 

 ing, was previously acted at court. He wrote, or 

 assisted to write, at least, eleven dramas ; and such 

 as were printed appeared from 1629 to 1634. Most 

 of these were exclusively his own composition ; but 

 some of them were written in conjunction with 

 Decker, Drayton, Hatherewaye, and others. The 

 date of his death is uncertain ; but it is thought that 

 he did not long survive 1639. As a dramatic writer, 

 he is often elegant and elevated, and uniformly easy 

 and harmonious. His genius was most inclined to 

 tragedy, and he was too fond of an accumulation of 

 terrific incidents, which overlays the natural pathos, 

 in which he was by no means deficient. Besides the 

 works already mentioned, a writer in the Censura 

 Literaria has attributed to him an able little manual, 

 entitled A Line of Life pointing to the Immortalitie 

 of a vertuous Name (1620, 12mo). 



FORE ; the distinguishing character of all that 

 part of a ship's frame and machinery which lies near 

 the stem. 



FORE AND AFT ; throughout the ship's whole 

 length, or from end to end ; it also implies, in a line 

 with the keel. 



FORE BOW-LINE ; the bow-line of the foresail. 

 See Bow Line. 



FORE BRACES ; ropes applied to the fore yard- 

 arms, to change the position of the foresail occa- 

 sionally. 



FORECASTLE ; a short deck placed in the fore 

 part of a ship, above the upper deck ; it is usually 

 terminated, both before and behind, in vessels of war, 

 by a breastwork, the foremost part forming the top 

 of the beak head, and the hind part reaching to tliQ 

 after-part of the fore cluiins. 



