FUGUE FULLER. 



333 



Raimond line owns the county of Kirchberg and four 

 lordships, with above 14,000 tenants, and 80,000 

 florins revenue. Count Anselm Maria, prince of 

 Babenhausen, was raised, by the emperor Francis 

 II., August 1, 1803, to the rank of prince of the 

 empire (hereditary in his male heirs), and the impe- 

 rial lordships of Babenhausen, Boos, and Rettershau- 

 sen were erected into the principality of Babenhausen. 

 He died November 22, 1821. The principality of 

 Babenhausen, whose capital is the market town of 

 the same name on the Gunz, contains 148 square 

 miles and 11,000 inhabitants, and affords a revenue of 

 80,000 florins. On the establishment of the confede- 

 ration of the Rhine (1806), this principality, with the 

 other estates of the family, became a part of the 

 dominions of the king of Bavaria. The owners, 

 however, by express treaty, retained many of their 

 privileges. The territories of the counts and princes 

 of the family, which lie in a great measure scattered, 

 amount in the whole to about 440 square miles, with 

 40,000 inliabitants. 



FUGUE ; a term derived from the Latin wordfuga 

 (a flight), and signifying a composition, either vocal 

 or instrumental, or both, in which one part leads off 

 some determined succession of notes called the subject, 

 which, after being answered in the fifth and eighth 

 by the other parts, is interspersed through the move- 

 ment, and distributed amid all the parts in a desul- 

 lory manner, at the pleasure of the composer ; some- 

 times accompanied by other adventitious matter, and 

 sometimes by itself. There are three distinct 

 descriptions of fugues the simple fugue, the double 

 fugue, and the counter fugue. The simple fugue 

 contains but one subject, is the least elaborate in its 

 construction, and the easiest in its composition. The 

 double fugue consists of two subjects, occasionally 

 intermingled, and moving together ; and the counter 

 fugue is that fugue in which the subjects move in a 

 direction contrary to each other. In all the different 

 species of fugues, the parts fly, or run after each 

 other ; and hence the derivation of the general 

 name fugue. 



FULA. See Foulah. 



FULDA ; formerly a bishopric and principality of 

 Germany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine ; bounded 

 north by Hesse-Cassel, east by the county of Henne- 

 berg, south by the bishopric of Wurzburg, and west 

 by the principality of Isenburg and Hesse ; about 

 forty miles in length, and from seven to twenty-five 

 in breadth. The country is mountainous and woody, 

 with some rich arable lands, and some salt and 

 medicinal springs. It is well watered. When the 

 secularization of the ecclesiastical principalities of the 

 German empire took place, it was ceded to Orange- 

 Nassau, then to the grand duke of Frankfort. In 

 1814, it was divided; and a district, containing 

 27,000 inhabitants, was given to Saxe-Weimar, and 

 the rest to Prussia. Prussia ceded her portion to 

 Hesse-Cassel, which now forms a grand duchy 

 belonging to the latter government, Square miles 

 of the grand duchy, 890; population, 116,000. 



FULDA ; city of Hesse-Cassel ; since 1817, ca- 

 pital of the above grand duchy of the same name ; 

 situated on the Fulda, forty-three miles east Wetzlar, 

 sixty-three east-north-east Mentz ; Ion. 9 44' E ; lat. 

 50 34' N. ; population, 8300. It is the see of a 

 bishop. It has manufactures of woollens, linens, and 

 earthen ware, and four Catholic churches, one 

 Lutheran, a Franciscan convent, three hospitals, and 

 a gymnasium. Here was formerly a Catholic uni- 

 versity, founded in 1734, which has been converted 

 into a lyceum with six professors. The library con- 

 tains a number of ancient and rare manuscripts. 



FULGURITE is the name given to those conglo- 

 merations of grains of quartz half-melted together by 



lightning, and of a cylindrical form, which are some- 

 times found in small sandy hollows. They are ge- 

 nerally in a perpendicular position, are sometimes 

 thirty inches in length, and almost one in diameter. 

 Their outside is commonly covered with small prickly 

 protuberances, and often also surrounded by a coat of 

 aggregated quartz grains. The inside is frequently 

 lined with a vitreous fusion. They are transparent, 

 grayish, and the sand in which they are found is red. 

 They are principally found in the heath of Senne in 

 Westphalia, at Pillau near Konigsberg, in the vi- 

 cinity of Dresden, at Nietleben near Halle on the 

 Saale, at Drigg in Cumberland, and other places. 

 See Fiedler's account in Gilbert's Annalen der Phy- 

 sik (Annals of Physics), vol. 55, 61, and 71. 



FULLER, THOMAS ; an eminent historian and 

 divine of the church of England, in the seventeenth 

 century. He was born at Aldwinkle, in Northamp- 

 tonshire, of which parish his father was minister. 

 He was sent to Queen's college, Cambridge, and 

 greatly signalized himself by his application to study. 

 He removed to Sidney college in the same university; 

 and, being chosen minister of St Bennet's parish, 

 Cambridge, he became very popular as a pulpit 

 orator. In 1631, he obtained a fellowship at Sidney, 

 and was collated to a prebend in the cathedral oi 

 Salisbury. The same year he published a poem en- 

 titled " David's hainousSin, heartie Repentance, and 

 heavie Punishment," which was his first production. 

 His History of the Holy War first appeared in 1640, 

 soon after the publication of which he removed to 

 London, and was chosen lecturer at the Savoy 

 church in the Strand. He was a member of the 

 convocation which met in 1 640, and was one of the 

 select committee appointed to draw up new c;mons 

 for the better government of the church. About 

 this period, he published his Holy State (folio). In 

 1643, he went to Oxford, and joined the king, became 

 chaplain to Sir Ralph Hopton, and employed his lei- 

 sure in making collections relative to English history 

 and antiquities. In 1646, he was permitted, by Sir 

 T. Fairfax, to go to London. In 1650, he published 

 a Pisgah Sight of Palestine and the Confines thereof, 

 with the History of the Old and New Testament 

 acted thereon (folio), with maps and views ; and in 

 1650 appeared his Abel Redivivus, consisting of lives 

 of religious reformers, martyrs, divines, &c. In 1656, 

 he published the Church History of Britain, from the 

 birth of Jesus Christ to the year 1648 ; to which was 

 subjoined the History of the University of Cambridge, 

 since the Conquest, and the History of Waltham 

 Abbey. In 1658, the living of Cranford, in Middle- 

 sex, was bestowed on him, and he removed thither. 

 The restoration taking place in 1660, he was rein- 

 stated in his prebend of Salisbury. His death took 

 place August 15, 1661. The year after his death 

 was published his principal literary work, the 

 Worthies of England (folio) a production valuable 

 alike for the solid informal ion it affords relative to 

 the provincial history of the country, and for the pro- 

 fusion of biographical anecdote and acute observa- 

 tion on men and manners. The great fault of this, 

 as well as of the former compositions of doctor Ful- 

 ler, is an elaborate display of quaint conceit, owing, 

 perhaps, more to the natural disposition of the author 

 than to the taste of the age in which he wrote, when, 

 however, that species of wit was much admired. 

 Among the many marvellous stories told of doctor 

 Fuller's powers of memory, it is said that he could 

 repeat 500 strange and unconnected words after twice 

 hearing them, and recite a sermon verbatim, after he 

 had heard it once. His Worthies appeared in a new 

 edition, with his life prefixed, in -1810 (2 vols. 4to.) 



FULLER ; one employed in woollen manufactories 

 to mill or scour cloths, serges, and other stuffs. 



