THE 



POPULAR ENCYCLOPEDIA; 



BEING A GENERAL DICTIONARY OF 



ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE, BIOGRAPHY, HISTORY, 



AND 



POLITICAL ECONOMY. 



REPRINTED FROM THE AMERICAN EDITION OF THE "CONVERSATIONS LEXICON," 



WITH CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS, 

 SO AS TO RENDER IT SUITABLE TO THIS COUNTRY, AND BRING IT DOWN TO THE PRESENT TIME. 



WITH 



DISSERTATIONS 



ON THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF LITERATURE, 



BY SIR D. K. SANDFORD, A.M. OXON., D.C.L. 



ON THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE, 



BY THOMAS THOMSON, M. D., F. R. S. L. & E., &c. &c. 



ON THE PROGRESS OF THE FINE ARTS, 



BY ALLAN CUNNINGHAM, ESQ. 



VOLUME IV PART I. 



GLASGOW: 

 BLACKIE & SON, 38, QUEEN STREET, 



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