ILLINOIS IMAGINATION. 



!. _: ki> In rii t-:.il.:i-lird at Jacksonville, which is 

 yet in its infancy. 



ILLINOIS ; a river formed by the junction of the 

 Theakiki and Plata, in the north-west part of Indiana, 

 in latitude 41 -18' N. It passes into Illinois, pursues 

 generally a south-westerly direction, and flows into 

 the Mississippi, twenty-one miles above the Missouri. 

 It a upwards of 400 yards wide at its mouth, and is 

 about 400 miles long from its junction to the Missis- 

 sippi, and is of easy navigation. It has a very gen- 

 tle current, unbroken by falls or rapids, and passes 

 through a fine country. The Plein, its northern head 

 branch, interlocks with the Chicago, which flows 

 into lake Michigan. A canal has been projected to 

 unite the head waters of the Illinois with lake Michi- 



EII. and thus connect tin- Mississippi and the great 

 ces. 



ILLUMINAT1 (via. the enlightened); a secret so- 

 ciety, founded in 1776, by Adam Weishaupt, professor 

 of law at Ingolstadt, for mutual assistance in attain- 

 ing a higher degree of morality and virtue. It con- 

 tained, in its most flourishing condition, 2000 mem- 

 bers, among whom were individuals of distinguished 

 talents and high rank. The constitution and organi- 

 sation were taken partly from the Jesuits, and partly 

 from the masons. By order of the Bavarian govern- 

 ment (1784) the society was dissolved. The society 

 had no influence whatever on the French revolution, 

 as has often been said. 



ILLYRIA. The Illyrians, a nation of kindred 

 origin with the ancient Thracians (mingled with 

 Greeks, Phoenicians, Sicilians, and Celts), were 

 spread over the whole coast on the east of the Adria- 

 tic, the neighbouring islands, and Western Macedo- 

 nia, as far as Epirus. Philip, king of Macedonia, 

 took from them the part of their country extending 

 from Macedonia to the river Drinius (now Drino), and 

 Illyria (Illyricum, Illyrica) was divided into Illyrica 

 Graera and Barbara. The former (modern Albania) 

 was incorporated with Macedonia. It contained 

 Dyrrachium (Durazzo), formerly Kpidamnus, where 

 the Romans commonly embarked for Italy, and Apol- 

 lonia, a Greek commercial city of some importance, 

 with an academy. The latter division extended from 

 the river Arsia (now Arsa), in Istria, to the Drinius, 

 and was divided into Japydia, Liburnia, and Dalma- 

 tia. This province obtained distinction in the history 

 of the Roman emperors, several of whom were born 

 here. Piracy was one of the principal means of sub- 

 sistence of the Illyrians, whose kings, therefore, 

 were frequently embroiled in quarrels with the Ro- 

 mans, which, at last, ended in the subjection of the 

 Illyrians, under their king Teuta, 228 B. C. The 

 savage race sought, indeed, from time to time, to 

 shake off their chains ; but being beaten by Caesar, 

 and greatly enfeebled by Augustus, Germanicus, and 

 Tiberius, the country at last became a Roman pro- 

 vince, and, as such, held a high rank. The name, 

 to which, in the fourth century, was added the epithet 

 of magnum (great), included almost all the Roman 

 provinces situated in the East. At the division of the 

 Roman empire, Illyria fell to the empire of the West, 

 but, upon its overthrow, in 476, it came to the empe- 

 ror of the East. In the middle of the sixth century, 

 Sclavonian colonists from Russia and Poland settled 

 there, and soon succeeded in rendering themselves 

 independent of the weak Byzantine government. 

 Thus arose the small kingdoms of Dalmatia and 

 Croatia. In 1020, the emperors did, indeed, recon- 

 quer these provinces, but twenty years afterwards, 

 they regained their independence. In 1090, the 

 Venetians and Hungarians also made themselves 

 masters of a small part of Illyria. In 1170 arose 

 tte Rascian kingdom, from which, 200 years later, 

 that of Bosnia was formed. Dalmatia, at first, was 



taken by Venice, but, in 1270, the greater part of it 

 was conquered by the Hungarians, who penetrated to 

 the H lack sea. Both they and the Venetians lost 

 nearly all these conquests to the Turks ; for the 

 Venetians retained only a small part of Dalmatia, 

 while Hungary kept possession only of Sclavonia, and 

 a part of Croatia. The peace of Campo-Formio, 

 October 17, 1797, brought Venetian Dalmatia, and 

 its islands as far as Cattaro, under the dominion of 

 Austria. Twelve years later, Old Illyricum was 

 again restored. " The circle of Villach, Carinthia, 

 what was formerly Austrian Instria, Fiume, and 

 Trieste, the lands known by the name of the Littorale. 

 and all that remains to us on the right bank of the 

 Save, Dalmatia, and its islands, shall bear the name 

 of the lllyrian provinces." Such was the decree of 

 the emperor of the French, October 14, 1809. This 

 state of things lasted fifteen months, during which 

 Illyria received an addition of 650 square miles, by 

 the junction of a part of Italian Tyrol, ceded by 

 Bavaria; when, April 15, 1811, appeared a decree 

 of the French emperor, definitively organizing the 

 lllyrian provinces in their military and financial con- 

 cerns. The country, independently of its great com- 

 mercial cities and seaports, which were very impor- 

 tant to the navy of an empire such as that of France 

 was to be, had great internal resources. Since 1815, 

 Illyria has been an Austrian kingdom, and, together 

 with the separate kingdom of Dalmatia (q. v.), the 

 chief support of the Austrian navy. In 1825, the 

 circle of Clagenfurt, the territory of Carinthia, to- 

 gether with the province of Lay bach, were incorpo- 

 rated with Illyria. The lllyrian Littorale, since 

 1825, includes, together with the commercial district 

 of Trieste, two circles those of Gortz and Istria. 

 The Istrian government has its seat in Mitterburg. 

 The kingdom of Illyria contains 9,137 square miles, 

 with thirty-five cities, fifty-nine market towns, 789 1 

 villages, and 897,000 inhabitants, mostly Sclavonians, 

 Morlachians, and Germans. The people are mostly 

 rude and warlike. (See Austria) The government 

 is divided into two branches, one of which has its 

 seat at Laybach, capital of the kingdom, the other at 

 Trieste. See Russell's Travels in Germany. 



IMAGINATION ; the faculty of the mind which 

 forms images or representations of things. It acts 

 either in presenting images to the mind of things 

 without, or by producing those whose originals are 

 not, at the moment, present to the mind or the sense. 

 We therefore distinguish (1.) original imagination, 

 or the faculty of forming images of things in the 

 mind that is, the faculty which produces the picture 

 of an object which the mind perceives by the actual 

 impression of the object from the (2.) reproductive 

 imagination, or the faculty which recalls the image 

 of an object in the mind without the presence of the 

 object. Besides the power of forming, preserving, 

 and recalling such conceptions, the imagination has 

 also the power (3.) to combine different conceptions, 

 and thus create new images. In this case, it operates 

 involuntarily, according to the laws of the association 

 of ideas, when the mind is abandoned to the current 

 of ideas, as in waking dreams or reveries. The 

 association of ideas is either directed to a definite 

 object by the understanding, or it operates only hi 

 subjection to the general laws of the understanding. 

 In the former case, the imagination is confined ; in 

 the latter, its operations are free, but not lawless, 

 the general law of tendency to a definite end fixing 

 limits to its action, within which it may have free 

 play, but which must not be overstepped. The free 

 and yet regulated action of the imagination alone can 

 give birth to the productions of the fine arts. In 

 this case, it forms images according to ideas. It 

 composes, creates, and is called the poetical faculty. 





