INNSPRUCK INOCULATION. 



91 



jlOO, which is returned, without interest, if the stu- 

 dent dies, or quits the society, or is called to the bar. 

 No deposit is required from those who can produce 

 a certificate of having kept two years' terms in the 

 universities of Oxford, Cambridge, or Dublin, or of 

 being of the faculty of advocates in Scotland, nor 

 from those who are admitted merely for the purpose 

 of being called to the Irish bar. Persons removing 

 from one inn to another are allowed the terms which 

 they have kept in their original inns. A term is kept 

 j the student being present at five dinners during 

 t e term ; three dinners suffice for three quarters of 

 a term ; one dinner, during the grand week, for half 

 t\ term. The student must keep twelve terms (sixty 

 dinners) before he can be called to the bar, and his 

 nnme must have been five years on the books, unless 

 he produce a certificate of having taken the degree 

 of master of arts, or bachelor of law, at Oxford, Cam- 

 bridsre, or Dublin, in which case three years will 

 Mifiire. He must also have gone nine times through 

 a certain ceremony, which is called performing an 

 exercise. Exercises are performed thus : The 

 student is furnished, by the steward of the society 

 with a piece of paper, on which is supposed to 

 be written an argument on some point of law, but, 

 owing to the negligence of successive copyists, the 

 writing now consists of a piece of legal jargon, 

 wholly unintelligible. When, after dinner, grace has 

 been said, the student advances to the barrister's 

 table, and commences reading from this paper; upon 

 which one of the senior barristers present makes him 

 a slight bow, takes the paper from him, and tells 

 him that it is quite sufficient. Students intended 

 *br the Irish bar keep eight terms in England, and 

 the remainder in Ireland. When the twelve terms 

 have been kept, and the nine exercises performed, 

 the student may petition the benchers to call him to 

 the b;ir. Except under very peculiar circumstances, 

 the petition is granted, as a matter of course. After 

 dinner, on the day appointed for the call, the student 

 is required to take certain oaths. He then retires 

 with the benchers to the council chamber, which 

 adjoins the hall, to sign the register of his call. 

 There are certain oaths to be taken in the courts of 

 Westminster hall. These should be taken within 

 six months after the call. No attorney, solicitor, 

 clerk in chancery or the exchequer, unless he has 

 discontinued practice for two years in such branches 

 of his profession, and no person who is in deacon's 

 orders, or under twenty-one years of age, can be 

 called. The expense of being called is between .90 

 and 100. The three years, during which a student 

 is keeping terms, are spent by him in the chambers 

 of a conveyancer, an equity draftsman, or a special 

 pleader. 



INNSPRUCK, INSPRUCK, INNSBRUCK, or 

 INSBRUGG ; the capital of Tyrol, on the Inn, over 

 which there is a bridge; lat. 47 16' 18" N. ; Ion. 

 11 23' 53" E. The city, 1754 feet above the level 

 of the sea, has considerable suburbs, some fine 

 churches, 10,200 inhabitants, and 574 houses. It 

 contains a university, and a general seminary for 

 Tyrol connected with it, and manufactories .of several 

 kinds. The works of art in one of the churches, 

 particularly the statues in bronze of the members of 

 the house of Hapsburg, are celebrated. Not far 

 from Innspruck is the castle of Ambras, (q. v.) 

 Innspruck is the seat of the Austrian provincial 

 government for Tyrol, and of the assembly of the 

 estates established in 1816. See Austria. 



INNUENDO. In an action for a written libel, or 

 ior verbal slander, if the offensive words are not in 

 themselves sufficiently intelligible, or if, without 

 explanation, their slanderous tendency does not 

 appear, it is usual for the plaintiff, in his declaration, 



which is the written statement of his complaint, to 

 insert parenthetically into the body of the libel the 

 necessary explanation ; as, for instance He (mean- 

 ing the plaintiff) is forsworn (meaning that he had 

 perjured himself in prosecuting the said defendant). 

 These comments have the Latin name innuendo, 

 signifying meaning, because innuendo, in former 

 times, was always used instead of the word 

 meaning, in these explanations. The general rule 

 with regard to innuendoes is, that they must be 

 merely explanatory, introducing no new matter, 

 but only referring to something previously men- 

 tioned. 



INO, daughter of Cadmus and Harmonia, second 

 wife of Atlmmas, king of Thebes, drew upon herself 

 the anger of Juno by nursing the young Bacchus, 

 the son of her sister Semele. In order to favour her 

 own children, she projected the murder of her step- 

 children, Phryxus and Helle. Being warned by 

 their mother, Nephele, who appeared to them in a 

 dream, they saved themselves by flight. Juno was 

 still more highly incensed against Ino by this 

 attempt ; she made Athamas, the husband of Ino, 

 mad, and, in his frenzy, he dashed his eldest son by 

 Ino, Learchus, against a rock. Ino fled with her 

 youngest son, Meficerta, and threw herself with him 

 into the sea. The body of the boy was carried by a 

 dolphin to the shore, where king Sisyphus caused it 

 to be buried, and instituted in honour of him the 

 well-known Isthmian games (q. v.), as Ino and Meli- 

 certa were made sea-deities, at the prayer of Venus. 

 Ino was worshipped under the name of Leucothea. 

 According to another account, the body of Melicerta 

 was at first left unburied, and caused a dreadful pes- 

 tilence, whereupon the oracle, being consulted, 

 ordered that the body should be buried with the 

 usual rites, and that games should be instituted in 

 honour of Melicerta. 



INOCULATION, in medicine, is the introduc- 

 tion, by a surgical operation, of a minute portion of 

 purulent matter into contact with the true skin, for 

 the purpose of exciting artificially a milder form of 

 some contagious disease, and thereby protecting the 

 human system against similar attacks in future ; 

 keeping in mind, however, that such a process can 

 be only of efficacy in regard to diseases which 

 attack us only once in the course of our lives. Such, 

 for instance, as small-pox. This fatal and loath- 

 some disease appears to have been unknown to the 

 ancient Greeks and Romans, as no mention is made 

 of it in their writings. It is said to have been first 

 noticed during the siege of Mecca, in 522, when it 

 attacked the Arabian and Abyssinian Christians. 

 But, however that may be, it is at least certain that 

 it raged in Egypt during the siege of Alexandria, in 

 the year 640. It first showed itself in Europe and 

 England, about the time when the crusaders returned 

 from the wars of the Holy land ; and the mortality 

 which resulted from it was excessive. And in 1520, 

 when it visited, for the first time, some, of the pro- 

 vinces of South America, it proved fatal to not le. c s 

 than one half of the population there. 



The practice of inoculation, although long followed 

 in some obscure parts of Wales, seems to have been 

 scarcely known throughout England, till the early 

 part of last century, and its adoption is chiefly due to 

 the exertions of lady Mary Wortley Montague, whose 

 admirable letters are so well known. The small-pox 

 had been raging with great mortality in Turkey for 

 some years previous to her ladyship's going thither ; 

 and the practice of inoculation, which had been long 

 known and followed by the poorer classes of Euro- 

 pean Greeks, had lately been had recourse to by 

 the wealthier inhabitants. Her ladyship had her own 

 son inoculated at Pera, with success; and on hei 



