KARIKAL KAUFMANN. 



299 



rice, and traveller!, from 1789 till 1791, through 

 Middle Europe. He is esteemed by many the first 

 original prose writer of Russia. Of his History of 

 the Russian Empire, eleven volumes had appeared in 

 1824. It has been translated into French, both at 

 Paris and St Petersburg. This history extends to 

 1613, to the house of Romanoff. His other writings 

 are Letters of a Russian Traveller, Agluia, a collec- 

 tion of tales (Moscow, 1794, 2 vols.),&c. His songs 

 are too sentimental. The emperor Alexander con- 

 ferred on him the order of St Anne, and gave him 

 60,000 rubles for the publication of his great work. 

 A free residence was also allowed him in a pleasure 

 castle of the empress Catharine II., and all the 

 jtrchives opened to him. The third edition of Kar- 

 amsin's works appeared in 1815, in nine volumes. 

 Of his History of the Russian Empire, in the original, 

 the second edition appeared in 1818. When on the 

 point of making a journey into foreign countries, he 

 died, June 3, 1826. Just before his death, the em- 

 poror had granted him a pension of 50,000 rubles, 

 which was continued to his widow and children. Dr 

 Bowring has translated some of his poems. 



KARIKAL ; a French city on the coast of Coro- 

 mandel, surrounded by the British territories, twen- 

 ty-six leagues from Pondicherry, under the jurisdic- 

 tion of which it is. It produces a net revenue of 

 300,000 francs a year. Population, 15,000 ; popula- 

 tion of the territory, about as many more. 



KARL; the German name for Charles, appearing 

 in many geographical names, as Karlstadt, Karls- 

 ruhe, Karlsbad. Karl is of the same origin as kerl, 

 which means, at present, a strong, sturdy fellow, 

 formerly a valiant, powerful man. It is the same 

 with the English ceorl, or churl. 



KARLSBAD, KARLSRUHE, KARLSTADT, 

 &c. See Carlsbad, &c. 



KARSCHIN, ANNA LOUISA (properly Karsc/t), a 

 German poetess, was born December 1, 1722, near 

 Schwibus, on the frontiers of Silesia. Her father 

 kept an alehouse. He died while she was young, 

 and her mother, fearing that the eagerness for read- 

 ing and writing which she displayed would make her 

 neglect domestic occupations, withdrew her from the 

 house of her uncle, who had undertaken the care of 

 her education, and employed her three years in tak- 

 ing care of the cows ; but she still contrived to gratify 

 her desire of knowledge ; for, having become ac- 

 quainted with a shepherd boy who brought her books, 

 mostly poor ones, she read them secretly. Her 

 mother married her to a weaver, whom she never 

 had seen. This union was unhappy, and, after 

 eleven years, was terminated by a divorce. She was 

 now utterly destitute ; and, a year after, her mother 

 married her to a drunken tailor, Karsch, whom 

 Karschin hated. She now supported herself by 

 selling occasional poems of her own composition, and 

 by exhibiting as an improvvisatrice about the coun- 

 try ; but her drunken husband spent all her money. 

 ^lie finally attracted the attention of some influential 

 man, and went to Berlin, where Ramler, Mendels- 

 sohn, Gleim, &c., encouraged her. Sulzer, who 

 called her the German Sappho, published some of 

 her poems in 1764, which produced her a consider- 

 able sum. She was admitted into the first society, 

 and received several small pensions, but was not 

 able fully to support herself, her two children, and 

 her brother. Frederic II. took no interest in her, 

 and did not give her the pension lie had promised ; 

 but his successor, Frederic William II., ordered a 

 convenient house to be built for her. which, however, 

 she did not enjoy long, as her death took place in 

 October, 1791. Her daughter published part of her 

 poems, with her life, in 1792; new edition, 1796. 



KASAN; an extensive province or government of 



European Russia, lying between 46 20' and 49 40 

 E. longitude, and 54" and 57 N. latitude, and sur 

 rounded by the governments of Viatka, Orenburgh, 

 Niznei-Novgorod, and Simbirsk. Its territorial ex- 

 tent is over 22,000 square miles ; its population 

 about 1,000,000. partly Russians, and partly Tar- 

 tars, though of very mixed origin. The rivers are 

 the Wolga, the Kama, the Sura, the Viatka, and the 

 Kasanka, besides smaller streams, and a great num- 

 ber of lakes. 



KASAN ; a city of Russia, on the Kasanka, about 

 four miles above its junction with the Wolga. Mjmy 

 Mohammedan Tartars still reside there, engaged in 

 business. It is a bishop's see, and the seat of a small 

 university, founded in 1803. It has also several 

 other schools. Here are large soap-works and tan- 

 neries ; also manufactures of woollen, cotton, lace; 

 and earthen ware. It carries on an extensive trade. 

 The caravans to Bucharia and China pass through 

 Kasan. At a little distance from Kasan is a new 

 admiralty establishment, with a navigation school, 

 magazines, and a dock -yard, where galliots are con- 

 structed, and sent down the Wolga to the Caspian 

 sea. Population, 25,000; 208 miles E. by S. Niznei- 

 Novgorod; long. 49' 21' 9" E. ; lat. 55 Q 47' 51'' 

 N. 



KATAHDIN ; a mountain in the state of Maine, 

 North America, situated between the eastern and 

 western branches of the Penobscot river, detached, 

 steep on all sides, and extremely rugged. It was 

 reputed, by the aborigines, to be the residence of 

 supernatural beings. But few persons have visited 

 its summit. It commands a very extensive view, 

 embracing no less that sixty-three lakes. Its height, 

 as ascertained by barometrical observations, is 4685 

 feet above the level of the west branch of the Penob- 

 scot at its base, and about 5335 feet above the ocean. 

 It may be seen, in a clear day, from Bangor, a dis- 

 tance of seventy miles, and from Dixmont, eighty 

 miles distant. 



KATT. See Frederic II. 



KATZBACH ; a small river in Silesia, passing 

 near Leignitz, famous for the victory which the 

 Prussians and Russians under Blucher gained, Au- 

 gust 26, 1813, over the French under Macdonald, 

 Ney, Lauriston, and Sebastian!. It rained from 

 August 24th to the 28th. Fire-arms could not be 

 used, and the battle was fought hand to hand. It 

 was short, and was terminated by a furious struggle 

 between the Prussian cavalry under Blucher and the 

 French under Lauriston, together 8,000 men. The 

 French were broken, and were driven, horse and 

 man, into the raging Neisse and Katzbach. G reat 

 numbers perished in the swollen streams. The 

 result .^of the battle was more surprising, as a great 

 part of the Prussian troops were raw militia. It is 

 one of Blucher's greatest victories. During the 

 battle and the following days, 103 French cannon 

 were taken, two eagles, and 18,000 prisoners. 

 Silesia was delivered, and the consequences were 

 most important, particularly for Bohemia. The 

 battle of the Katzbach took place on the same day 

 that Napoleon repelled the attack of the allies on 

 Dresden. 



KAUFMANN, ANGELICA, a distinguished painter, 

 was born at Coire, in the Grisons, in 1741, and 

 received her first instruction in drawing and painting 

 from her father, who, at the time of her birth, was 

 painter to the bishop. Her admiration of the 

 beautiful was early developed. She loved music, 

 and made great progress in pointing, under the 

 guidance of her father, whose talents were but mo- 

 derate, and whom she soon excelled. On her first 

 journey to Italy, where she resided from her thir- 

 teenth year till 1769, in Milan, Florence, Rome, and 



