KILMARNOCK KING. 



distinguished for her piety and unblemished virtue 

 the seductions of u iiorntious court. She fell 



in t (In- sinall-pox, in the summer of 1685, 

 and has been characterized by Wood as " a grace for 

 beauty, and a muse for wit," and celebrated by the 



,1 of her literary contemporaries, John Dryden. 

 KILMARNOCK, a thriving town in Ayrshire, 

 situated twelve miles distant from Ayr, and twenty- 

 one and a half from Glasgow. Although a town of 

 some antiquity, it is only of recent years that it has 

 become a place of consideration. Thirty or forty 

 years ago, it was a small irregularly built town; but 

 an net of parliament having passed in 1802 for tin- 

 general improvement of the place, followed by two 

 others in 1810, for paving, lighting, and watching 

 the streets, and for erecting various public buildings, 

 it now presents a handsome appearance, having an 

 elegant town-house, a bank, printing-offices, a bride- 

 well, a workhouse, a commodious grammar-school, a 

 coffee-room, and other establishments of public utility, 

 besides several places of worship, public schools, and 

 charitable institutions. Kilmarnock obtained its first 

 charter by means of lord Boyd, in 1591, and a 

 renewal of it in 1672, to the earl of Kilmarnock, 

 upon the attainder of whose descendant in 1745, the 

 superiority became vested in the crown. The five 

 deacons of the incorporated trades of the town, in 

 1700, obtained from the then earl a grant of the 

 whole common good and customs of the burgh. 

 Kilmarnock is the chief manufacturing town in the 

 shire, both for home consumption and exportation. 

 Woollen cloths, carpets, blankets, serges, tartans, 

 stockings, gloves, bonnets, caps, muslins, leather, 

 sadlery, shoes, and a variety of other useful articles 

 are manufactured here ; and there are within the 

 town and suburbs mills for spinning wool, tanneries, 

 extensive breweries, an ironfoundery, and a large 

 printfield. In the neighbourhood are several thriving 

 nurseries, the soil and climate being peculiarly 

 adapted to the growth of young trees and shrubs ; 

 and about half a mile north-west of the town, is an 

 extensive colliery, whence a railway has been formed 

 to the harbour of Troon, by which the produce is 

 conveyed thither to be shipped. Coal is found in 

 other parts of the parish, which contains 5900 Scottish 

 acres, in general fertile and well cultivated ; though 

 towards the north the surface inclines to moss. 

 Kilmarnock, with Port-Glasgow, Renfrew, and 

 Rutherglen, returns one member to parliament. 

 Population of town and parish in 1841, 19,956. 



KING (Old Prankish, chilnig, c/ium'g. kuning ; 

 Anglo-Saxon, cyning,cynig, cyng ; German, kb'nig ; 

 Danish, konge ; Swedish, konung ; Finlandish, kun- 

 ingas) is a word of uncertain derivation. The title of 

 majesty belongs exclusively to kings and emperors ; 

 other privileges, likewise, principally of a ceremonial 

 kind, are connected with the regal title, included in 

 diplomacy under the name of royal honours (honneurs 

 royaux, honores regil). These honours, however, 

 are sometimes enjoyed by states, where the princes 

 do not bear the royal title ; thus the late republics of 

 Venice and of the United Netherlands (and now that 

 of Switzerland), the electors (as the elector of Hesse), 

 the grand dukes, possessed them, at least in part. 

 Previously to the French revolution, the following 

 countries gave their princes the regal title : Germany, 

 I'rjMice, Spain, Portugal, Naples, and Sicily (or the 

 Two Sicilies), Sardinia, Prussia, Bohemia, Hungary, 

 Galicia, and Lodomiria, Poland, England, Ireland, 

 Gotland, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. After 

 :--nch revolution broke out, France was struck 

 out from the list of kingdoms, and soon after, Poland ; 

 and, cm the other hand, while Napoleon stood at the 

 li-: 'I of France, new kingdoms arose, though some 

 of them enjoyed only an ephemeral existence. Thus 



the kingdom of Hetruria was formed from the ancient 

 grand duchy of Tuscany, and a new kingdom nf 

 Naples sprung into being, while the old family in ttu* 

 Sicilies still retained the royal dignity (not acknow- 

 ledged, indeed, by Napoleon). Thus there was a 

 kingdom of Italy, a kingdom of Holland, and, at UK; 

 beginning of 1806, the kingdoms of Bavaria and 

 Wurtemberg, which were followed, in 1807, by the 

 kingdoms of Saxony and Westphalia. The son of 

 Napoleon was called king of Home, in imitation of the 

 custom which prevailed in the German empire, where 

 the person elected, during the life of the emperor, to 

 succeed at his death, was styled king of the Romans. 

 The existence of Hetruria and Holland as kingdoms, 

 however, was soon terminated by France itself; 

 and of Westphalia by the enfranchisement of Germany 

 from the dominion of the French. After the fall 

 of Napoleon, the kingdoms of the Netherlands 

 and of Hanover were established. In place of the 

 kingdom of Italy, arose the Lombardo-Venetiun 

 kingdom, under the sovereignty of Austria. In early 

 times, the chief of an independent state was called 

 king ; at a later period, the pope and emperor, as 

 spiritual and secular heads of Christendom, pretended 

 to have the right to make kings, until Frederic III., 

 elector of Brandenburg and duke of Prussia, declared 

 himself king of Prussia. Like other subjects of com- 

 mon interest in European politics, the general 

 acknowledgment of the royal title, in any particular 

 instance, is dependent, to a considerable degree, on 

 the will of the most powerful governments. The 

 following monarchs have the titles enumerated 

 below, in addition to those by which they are 

 usually known. The emperor of Austria is titular 

 king of Jerusalem, actual king of Hungary, Bohemia, 

 the Lombardo-Venetian dominions, Dalmatia, Croa- 

 tia, Sclavonia, Galicia, and Lodomiria; the emperor 

 of Russia has the title of king of Moscow, Kasan, 

 Astracan, Poland, Siberia, and the Taurian Cherso- 

 nesus ; the king of Portugal calls himself, also, king 

 of Aigarve ; the king of Spain, king of Castile, 

 Leon, Arragon, the Two Sicilies, Jerusalem, 

 Navarre, Granada, Toledo, Valencia, Galicia, Ma- 

 jorca, Seville, Sardinia, Cordova, Corsica, Murcia, 

 Jaen, Aigarve, Algeziras, Gibraltar, the Canary 

 Islands, the East and West Indies, of the Islands 

 and Terra Firma beyond the sea ; the former kings 

 of France called themselves, also, kings of Navarre ; 

 at present, like Louis XVI., in the time of the revolu- 

 tion, they have the title king of the French ; the 

 king of the Two Sicilies calls himself, also, king of 

 Jerusalem ; the king of Great Britain (i. e. England 

 and Scotland) is also king of Ireland, and the Bruns- 

 wick house are kings of Hanover ; the king of Den- 

 mark calls himself, also, king of the Goths and Van- 

 dals, as does, also, the king of Sweden and Norway. 

 Where we have used the phrase " is king," we mean 

 that the countries from which the title is derived are 

 actually existing, distinct states, under one head, as 

 Bohemia and Hungary, which have nothing in com- 

 mon, except their monarch. The same is the case 

 with Sweden and Norway. Many of the titles are 

 empty, antiquated designations, retained from a 

 childish love of pomp. Down to the union of 

 Britain and Ireland, the kings of Britain bore the 

 title of kings of France. For information respect- 

 ing the prerogatives and limitations of the kings 

 of Great Britain, see Britain, division British Con- 

 stitution. 



KING, WILLIAM ; a learned Irish prelate, who 

 was a native of Antrim, but of Scottish extraction. 

 His zealous opposition to the measures of the Roman 

 Catholic party, in the reign of James II., ensured 

 liis preferment after the expulsion of that prince. 

 After holding several inferior offices, he was made, 



