KUYP LA ALAND. 



333 



the celebrated Russian proclamation from Kalisch, he 

 died at Buntzlau, April 28, 1813. After the death 

 of his widow, the emperor continued the pension of 

 86,000 roubles annually to her five daughters. 



KUYP, or CUYP, ALUERT, a painter of great 

 originality and merit, was born at Dort, in 1656. 

 He was the son of an able landscape painter, whom, 

 however, he far exceeded, and became one of the 

 most agreeable artists that ever lived. He par- 

 ticularly excelled in the purity and brilliancy of 

 light ; and lie was not surpassed, even by Claude or 

 any other painter, in an accurate representation of 

 the atmosphere, and of the lightsome effects of sun- 

 shine. The works of this artist, of whose life very 

 little is known, embellish some of the finest collections 

 in Britain ; and as they are very highly finished, that 

 circumstance, added to the number of them, implies 

 a long life. The gallery of the marquis of Stafford, 

 in particular, contains some highly valued pictures by 

 Kuyp. 



KYAU, FREDERIC WILLIAM, BARON OF; remarkable 

 as a man who owed his success to his wit. Kyau was 

 born in 1654, and, when seventeen years old, entered 



the Brandenburg army, in which he rose, after ten 

 years, to the rank of ensign. Some imprudences 

 obliged him to leave Brandenburg. He went to 

 Saxony, where the elector and king of Poland, 

 Augustus II., became acquainted with his humour, 

 took him into favour, made him his aid-de-camp, and, 

 at length, adjutant-general and commandant of 

 Konigstein (q. v.), which he always used to call his 

 stone wife. He remained faithful to her until his 

 death, in 1733. He was an honest man, hating all 

 flattery. He was a real scourge of the court nobility. 

 There are two biographies of this man, whose memory 

 is still popular in the north of Germany, and of whom 

 a thousand sayings are afloat among the people. 



KYRLE, JOHN ; surnamed by Pope the man of 

 Ross ; an English gentleman, who possessed an estate 

 of 500 a-year, at Ross, in Herefordshire, where he 

 died in 1754, at the age of ninety. Doctor Warton, 

 in his Essay on the Writings and Genius of Pope, 

 says Kyrle was the Howard of his age, and that he 

 deserved to be celebrated beyond any of the heroes 

 of Pindar. The splendid eulogium of the poet on 

 the man of Ross is well known. 



L, in the English alphabet; the twelfth letter and 

 the eighth consonant ; one of those called liquids, or 

 semi-vowels, because, like vowels, they may be pro- 

 nounced for any length of time, which is not the case 

 with the other consonants, called mutes, as, for 

 instance, p, k. The sound represented by I is pro- 

 duced by placing the end of the tongue against the 

 fore part of the roof of the mouth, opening the jaws, 

 and gently breathing out the air, which thus escapes 

 from the corners of the mouth. The pronunciation 

 of /, therefore, is not dependent upon the teeth; yet 

 there are individuals, and even whole tribes, who do 

 not pronounce it ; the former in consequence of some 

 defect in their tongue; the latter, because they always 

 use r instead of /, whilst others always use I instead 

 of r. It must be observed, that the rolling r is dif- 

 ferent from the / only in this, that the former is 

 pronounced with a vibration of the tongue. Hence 

 the constant interchange of r and I, in many lan- 

 guages, which it is important for the etymologist to 

 observe. Thus the French ormc, from the Latin 

 ulmus; from the Latin peregrinus, the Italian pele- 

 grino, the French pelerin, the German and English 

 pilgrim. Of the German word kirche (Scotch, kirk), 

 the Swiss make kilche. The much more frequent 

 change, we presume, is from the r to the I, as from 

 the more difficult to the easier, yet not always. Thus 

 the lower classes in Rome say, instead of repubblica, 

 repubbrica. How frequent the change of X and g is, 

 in Greek, particularly in the Ionian dialect, every 

 philologist knows. In Greek, the letter was called 

 lambda, analogous to the lamed of the Phoenicians 

 and the Hebrews. It is remarkable, that, in all 

 these alphabets, and in the Celtic ones, / is always 

 composed, iu some way, of two straight lines. We 

 find, in most ancient Greek alphabets, the lambda 

 thus, V, /*, V; in the Etruscan alphabet, > ; in the 

 Celtic, <, V. The Greek is A; the Latin, L; the 

 Hebrew, t : in short, two straight lines always form 

 this letter. In Spanish, // are pronounced liquid, 

 like the Italian gl before i ; and it is peculiar to this 

 language, that it begins words with this sound, as, 



llaneros. In Portuguese, the same sound is expressed 

 by Ih. The French //, if preceded by ai, ci, oui, is 

 liquid (mouillee), which, in most parts of France, is 

 pronounced like the Italian gl in egli; but the Pari- 

 sian pronunciation, originally a mere provincialism, 

 is almost like our y in you, as in travailler, veiller; 

 and probably this pronunciation will finally prevail, 

 though it is arbitrary, and against the practice of the 

 majority of the people. In Polish, / before t is 

 sounded by thrusting the tongue between the teeth. 

 The Polish has also the common /, and another with 

 a somewhat guttural sound, produced by pressing the 

 tongue against the roof of the mouth, farther back 

 than in the case of the common /. For the latter it 

 has a proper sign. In English, / is not pronounced 

 at all in some monosyllables, where it intervenes 

 between a vowel and a subsequent consonant, as in 

 calm, half, balk, chalk, would, could, folks. 



As a numeral, L signified, in Hebrew, 30 ; in 

 Greek, x = 11, and x = 30,000. L, in Latin, sig- 

 nifies 50; hence two Ls, put upon each other, form- 

 ing C = 100, which being rounded became C, = 100. 

 A, on Greek coins, means Locris, Laconia, Lamp- 

 sacus, Lacedemonia, &c.; on Roman coins, it means 

 Lucius, Lepidus, libertas, libra, iudos, libens, &c. 

 L, with a dash over it, meant among the Romans, 

 50,000. L, on French coins, signifies the mint of 

 Bayonne. On Dutch cloths, L signifies Leyden. 

 On French hats, L means laine (made of wool only). 

 L. A. Q. M. is an abbreviation of literarum arlium- 

 que magister ; , the English abbreviation for pound 

 (sterling), from libra, the Latin for pound. In cita- 

 tions, / is often used for book (liber). See Abbrevia- 

 tions. 



LA, in music; the syllable by which Guido denotes 

 the last sound of each hexachord. If it begins in C, 

 it answers to our A; if in G, to E; and if in F,to D. 



LAALAND, orLALAND; an island of Denmark, 

 at the entrance into the Baltic from the Greater Belt, 

 about sixty miles in length, and twelve in its mean 

 breadth, and reckoned the most fertile spot in the 

 Danish dominions. This island produces plenty of 



