MOLLUSCA. 



commima. PI. CO. f. M. an, the venter; en, the 

 liver ; rx, the ovarium ; A, the spermatic ducts ; AH, tin' ie>i>- 

 pha?us. Arms numerous, unequal, ciliated mid articulated, 

 ench composed of two cirri supported on a peduncle, and ex- 

 aertile ; placed in two rows ; mouth with four transverse dru - 

 t <ted jaws, and four ciliated appendages resembling palpi. The 

 operculum consists of four pieces. 



CLASS ANNELIDES. 



This class is the first of the great division Articulata, con- 

 pi>ting of animals which have their bodies or members com- 

 posed of articulated rings. 



The characters of the Aimelides, are, the body soft, more or 

 1 <- elongated, and either naked or enclosed in a tube, and di- 

 vided into a number of segments ; and are the only animals de- 

 void of a backbone, which have red blood circulating in a 

 double system of complicated vessels. 



Their nervous system consists in a double knotted cord, like 

 that of insect*. Some species have a head, and others are de- 

 void of one ; when it exists it is merely a slight anterior thick- 

 filing, distinct from the first segment of the body, and upon 

 which the eyes and antennae are placed. The antennae con. 

 sist of articulated filaments, sometimes short and thick, and 

 never exceed five. They have either two or four eyes, situate 

 behind the antennae. The tentacula are either situated on the 

 head or fore part of the body, they consist of articulated fila- 

 inent-', or papilhe more or less elongated. They are provided 

 with a fleshy contractile proboscis, of either one or two rings, 

 inclosing horny or calcarious jaws. The body of the Anne- 

 lids in many species is naked, and free from hairs ; some 

 are furnished with contractile bristles. 



The whole class respire by branchiae, and inhabit the waters, 

 sand, mud, or moist earth. The branchiae are extremely vari- 

 able in form and situation ; as are also the tubes or sheaths, 

 which are either membranous or horny, incrusted exteriorly 

 with minute fragments of shells or grains of sand; in others 

 they are solid testaceous tubes. They are all carnivorous, 

 tucking the blood of other animals ; and are hermaphrodite. 



ORDER I. SEDENTARI^E. 



The animals inhabit a testaceous tube, which they never 

 leave ; they are destitute of eyes ; the branchiae are situated 

 at one end of the body. The animal is elongated, worm-shaped, 

 having the sides of the body provided with subulate short bris- 

 tles ; and also with hooked bristles to enable it to move in its 

 tube. 



FAMILY I. SERPULACBA. 



Branchiae separate, or covered by an opercnlum ; tube, solid 

 and testaceous ; destitute of tentacula, eyes, or jaws ; body fur- 

 nished on the sides with setaceous papillae, and hooked retrac- 

 tile bristles. 



Serpula vermicularit. PI. 60. f. 82. With a tubicnlar, elon- 

 gated, slightly depressed body, and posteriorly attenuated, and 

 with narrow segments ; provided with small fasciculi of sub- 

 ulate bristles, placed in one row on each side, and hooked bris- 

 tles; branchiae terminal, fan-shaped, deeply cleft into five 

 dictations, pinnated or plumose; mouth terminal, situated 

 between the branchiae and surmounted by a pedicellate funnel- 

 shaped, or clavate operculum. 



FAMILY II. AMPHITRIT.SA. 



Branchiae neither separated nor covered by an operculum, 

 and disposed towards the anterior part of the body ; with a 

 horny or membranous tube, more or less arenaceous; the 

 branchiae are placed at or near the anterior extremity, they are 

 sometimes large, projecting above the mouth, and sometimes 

 they are short. Many of the animals have tentacula, but all of 

 them are destitute of eyes, proboscis, or jaws. 



slmphitrite magnifica. PI. 60. f. 81. Body tubicular, cylin- 

 drical, elongated, and posteriorly attenuated, having numerous 

 segments and a row ot setiferous papillae, subulate bristles in 

 bundles, and hooked, golden-coloured setae, arranged like a 

 crown, or disposed like a fan ; branchiae terminal ; mouth ter- 

 minal, situate between the branchiae, and encircled with nu- 

 merous tentacula. 



FAMILY III. MALDANI&. 



TV branchiae are indeterminate; and the tube is open at 

 both e.n<u. 



Dentalium entzlit. A., 60. f, 62. The animal is destitute of 

 articulations or lateral setae, but is provided with a membran- 

 ous tube, into which is inserted a foot, or fleshy conical oper- 

 culum, which closes its orifice ; on the base of the foot is a 

 unaJl flattened head, with plumose branchiae on the nape. 



'FAMILY IV. DOHSALIJE. 



The branchiae are dorsal, or di- posed longitudinally along the 

 body. 



Sillquaria angvina. PI. 19. f. 51. 



ORDER II. ANTENNAT^E. 



The head is antenniform, provided with two eves, an* 

 projectile proboscis, frequently armed with jaws, and setifei - 

 us retractile pediform papilla' ; branchia! disposed longitu- 

 dinally. 



SECTION I. 



Branchiae in the form of complicated leaves or tnfta, or vei j 

 ramose, always large and apparent ; destitute of spines. 



FAMILY I. AMPHINOM. 



Branchiae and cirri placed superiorly at all the pairs of pedt- 

 *orm papillae, and having no jaws. 



SECTION II. 



Branchiae in the form of small crests or laminae, or filamen - 

 ;ous and pectinated on one side ; sometimes not d.stinct. 



FAMILY II. EUNICE. 



While the branchiae are distinct, all the pediform papilla? are 

 placed without interruption ; jaws numerous, and always 

 more than two, but fewer on the right than on the left side ; 

 destitute of the first pair of feet. 



FAMILY III. NEREIDES. 



When the branchiae are distinct, there are superior cirri on 

 all the pairs of pediform papillae; two jaws or none. 



very long and filiform or setaceous ; mouth terminal ; and with 

 two or four eyes. 



FAMILY IV. APHRODITVE. 



The upper branchiae and cirri alternating in their position to 

 the twenty-third or twenty-fifth pair of pediform papillae ; hav- 

 ing four jaws. 



Halithea aculeata. PI. 32, f. 4. Body oblong, hairy, spinous, 

 and shining with iridescent splendour; dorsal scales with 

 fuscous dots. 



ORDER III. APODES. 



Animals destitute of feet, or setiferous and retractile papillae ; 

 when provided with branchiae, they are disposed interiorly 

 along the body ; but they have no antenniferous head. 



Although the animals of this order have red blood, and a 

 true circulation, they are otherwise the most imperfect in their 

 form. They are destitute of head, tentacula, and pediform 

 papillae ; their branchiae are situated internally, either in or 

 under the skin. They are usually naked, and have no retrac- 

 tile spines. 



FAMILY I. ECHIUREJB. 

 Body with bristles projecting, but not retractile. 



Lumbricus terrestris. PL 32, f. 39. The earth worm. Body 

 flesh-coloured, composed of one hundred and forty annular 

 sections, and a prominent annular belt one-third its length ; on 

 each side of the belly there is a row of minute spines to assist 

 in motion. 



FAMILY II HIRUDINE&. 

 Body without projecting bristles. 



JJirudo geometra. PL 32, f. 13. Leech. The body is ob- 

 long, lilunt, and slightly 'depressed, widening posteriorly, and 

 composed of numerous contractile segments ; the posterior ex- 

 tremity terminated by a broad prehensile disk ; the mouth is 

 naked, capable of great dilatation, armed interiorly with three 

 teeth or horny jaws ; destitute of eyes; anal opening above, 

 near the posterior disk. 



MOLOCH (Molach, or Molech, lord and king); 

 an idol of the Ammonites, according to some writers, 

 a symbol of the sun. His image was an iron statue, 

 with a human body, the head of an ox, and extended 

 arms. The statue was heated by a fire placed in the 

 lower part, and children were placed, as offerings, in 

 the arms of the horrid king, where they perished, 

 while the priests drowned their cries with the noise 

 of musical instruments. 



MOLOSSUS. See Rhythm. 



