MONITOR MONKEY. 



bly, have Ix-rn subsequently added in an introduction 

 published in tlie year IV. (Paris, 1 vol. fol.) In the 

 year IX. (Paris, 2 vols. folio), appeared the Revolu- 

 tion Franqaise, ou Analyse complete et impartiale du 

 Monitcur, par Ordre Chronologique, and in the follow- 

 ing year, the Table Alphabitique du Moniteur (like- 

 wise in 2 vols. folio) , but neither of which, unfortu- 

 nately, comes down farther than the close of the year 

 VII. The Moniteur appears every day in a large 

 folio sheet, often accompanied with supplements. It 

 contains, in the two divisions appropriated to foreign 

 and domestic news, not only the official ordinances 

 and documents of the government, appointments, re- 

 movals from office, promotions, &c., with notices on 

 the arts, literature, and the drama, but also sucli 

 political information as the government intends shall 

 be regarded in France as official. The Moniteur had 

 a great circulation in France and Europe generally, 

 and also in America, during the revolution. Entire 

 sets are rare. The years VII. and VIII. (1798 

 1800) in particular, of which a smaller impression 

 was made, are often wanting. Among the daily 

 papers of modern times, the Moniteur maintains a 

 melancholy celebrity. It has exhibited, in the same 

 nation, the picture of the most unbridled popular rage, 

 and of oppressive monarchical despotism. It is one 

 of the most important collections of public documents 

 for the historian of the great changes in Europe since 

 the beginning of the French revolution. 



MONITOR ; a genus of large lizards, which have 

 teeth in both jaws, and none on the palate ; most of 

 them have the tail compressed laterally : they derive 

 their name from a popular belief that they give 

 warning of the approach of crocodiles, by making a 

 kind of whistling noise. They are found in most 

 parts of the world, and the fossil remains of species 

 much larger than any now existing, have been dis- 

 covered in various places in Europe. 



MONITORIAL INSTRUCTION. See Mutual 

 Instruction. 



MONK. See Monastery, and Orders, religious. 



MONK, GEORGE, duke of Albemarle, an English 

 military officer, distinguished in history for the pro- 

 minent part he acted in the restoration of Charles 

 II., was the son of Sir Thomas Monk. He was born 

 Dec. 6, 1608. Entering into the army at an early 

 age, he served under Sir Richard Grenville, in an 

 expedition to Spain, and in 1630, went to the Nether- 

 lands, where he was promoted to a captaincy. He 

 was engaged in the unfortunate expedition of Charles 

 I. against the Scots in 1639, at which period he 

 was made lieutenant-colonel. On the rebellion tak- 

 ing place in Ireland, he was sent thither, and his 

 services were rewarded with the post of governor of 

 Dublin. Hostilities occurring between the king and 

 the parliament, colonel Monk brought over his 

 regiment to his majesty's assistance. He was ap- 

 pointed major-general in the Irish brigade ; and 

 being employed at the siege of Nantwich, was made 

 a prisoner, and committed to custody in the Tower 

 of London. ' He devoted his leisure to writing, and 

 composed Observations on Military and Political 

 Affairs, published not long after his death. Having 

 been detained about three years in confinement, he 

 accepted a commission from the parliament, on con- 

 dition of being employed only against the Irish insur- 

 gents. He distinguished himself repeatedly in this 

 service ; but, having made a treaty with the Catholic 

 chieftain O'Neal, which gave offence to the English 

 parliamentary government, he resigned his command, 

 and returned to his estate. After the entire over- 

 throw of the royal party, Monk was employed with 

 Cromwell in Scotland, and was present at the battle 

 of Dunbar. His coadjutor returning to England, he 

 was intrusted with the chief command. War taking 



place with the Dutch republic, he engaged in (he 

 naval service, and, together with admirals Blake and 

 Dean, commanded in two engagements, in which 

 they triumphed over the enemy, commanded by the 

 famous Van Tromp. On the re-establishment of 

 peace, Monk returned to Scotland, where, at the 

 head of the English army, he maintained the authority 

 of Cromwell in tliat country. On the decease of the 

 protector, the resignation of power by his son, and 

 the contest of parties which subsequently took place, 

 he availed himself of the commanding situation which 

 he occupied, to crush the republicans, and promote 

 the recall and restoration of the Stuart family to the 

 throne, in the person of Charles II. The dukedom 

 of Albemarle, the order of the garter, and the office 

 of privy-counsellor, rewarded the loyalty of the 

 restorer of Charles II. During the Dutch war, 

 Monk was again employed in the naval service, and 

 in 1666 defeated the Dutch fleet commanded by -his 

 former antagonist, Van Tromp, and admiral De 

 Ruyter. He died January 3, 1670, and was buried 

 in Westminster abbey. He was married to a woman 

 in low life, who maintained a complete ascendency 

 over him. 



MONKEY (Simia, Linn.) The monkey tribe 

 forms by far the largest portion of the great order 

 of quadrumana, and, in addition to hands on all 

 the extremities, with long and flexible fingers and 

 opposable thumbs, they generally possess also the 

 following characteristics : The incisor teeth are 

 four in each jaw, and their molars resemble those 

 of man : these are five in number on each side of each 

 jaw in the monkeys of the old continent, and in one 

 tribe of the new ; the remainder of the American 

 species have a sixth. The canines vary in size, from 

 a powerful tusk to a trifling projection beyond their 

 other teeth. The nails of all their fingers, as well as 

 those of the thumbs, are invariably flat and expanded. 

 The head is subject to great variations, in some 

 approaching the human in form, and passing through 

 every intermediate gradation, till it becomes as flat 

 as that of the dog. But of all their organs there is 

 none which exhibits so remarkable a discrepancy as 

 the tail : this is wholly wanting in some ; forms a mere 

 rudiment in others ; is short and tapering in a third 

 group ; moderately long and cylindrical in a fourth ; 

 in a fifth, extremely long, and covered with hair ; 

 whilst, again, in another group, it is long, denuded 

 of hair beneath and at tip, and prehensile. On these 

 characters naturalists have made several classifica- 

 tions of them, each differing from the other as to the 

 value of certain distinctions. The following is that 

 given by Cuvier, in the last edition of his Regne 

 Animal : 



SIMILE. 



I. Submenus. Apes proper, or of the ancient continent. 



1. Subdivision. Orangs. Simia, Erxl. Pithecus, Geoff. 



2. " Gibbons. Hilobates, Ilig. 



3. " Guenons. Monkeys. Cercopithecus, Erxl. 



4. " Semnopittiecus, F. Cuvier. 



5. " Macaques. Macacus. 



6. " Magots. Inuus, F. Cuvier. 



7. " Cynocephalus, Cuvier. 



8. " Mandrils. 



II. Submenus. Apes of the new continent. 



1. Division. Sapajoos. 



1. Subdivision. Mycetet, Ilig. Howling apes. 



2. " Atelet, Geoff. 



3. " Brachyteles, Spix. 



4. ' Sagothrix, Geoff. Gastrimaigut, Spix. 



5. " Cebus, Geoff. 



2. Division. Sakis. 



1. Subdivision. Brachiwus, Spix. 



2. " Cnllithrix, Geoff. 



3. " Nocthora, F. Cuvier. 



But although thus diversified in their forms, they 

 ail possess some general characteristics. They are 



