MUSIC (HISTORY). 



113 



The Appogiatura is a small note placed before 

 another, to lead it in more gracefully ; it is to be 

 observed, that the time taken up in sounding the first 

 note must be taken off the principal note. This 



grace may more frequently than any other be intro- 

 duced with good effect ; the manner of its perfor- 

 mance will be learned from the following example: 



WRITTEN. 



The turn marked thus ^ is an embellishment 

 formed of appogiaturas, consisting of the note on 

 which the turn is made, the note above and the 



-*T 



semitone below. The method of executing the turn 

 will be understood from what follows. 



f LAYED. 



The only other character which we think it 

 necessary to notice in this place, is the direct w ; 

 which, being placed at the end of the stave, points 

 out the next following note. 



Music, History of. In the preceding part of this 

 article, we have given our views respecting the origin 

 of this art. It seems to us a very poor idea to consider 

 it as having begun with the imitation of birds or other 

 animals, or of any of the ordinary sounds of nature ; 

 while the natural expression of emotions by sounds 

 would easily lead to a repetition of these sounds, the 

 consequence of which would be music. We do not 

 deny that when once the disposition for music, or at 

 least for the utterance of a series of tones, was 

 awakened, the sounds of surrounding nature may 

 have had an influence upon man, and excited him to 



try to form a variety of tones with his voice. Wher- 

 ever we find music, even in its rudest beginnings, we 

 find also instruments ; so that, as far as respects the 

 known history of this art, we must consider the devel- 

 opment of vocal and instrumental music as coeval. 

 Perhaps the first instrument invented was the pipe of 

 the shepherd, who, in his life of leisure, heard the 

 wind whistle among the reeds. It seems probable 

 that shepherds first cultivated music as an art, while 

 warriors may have made use of the exciting war-cry 

 and war-song before. Instruments, as was observed 

 above, served, in the beginning, only as an accompa- 

 niment. According to the Mosaic records, Jubal, 

 the son of Lamech, played on musical instruments, 

 even before the deluge. At R later period, we find 

 among the Hebrews, as is the case in the early periods 



