NUMISMATOLOGY. 



277 



LX I. fig. 9. After the death of Po/npey the Great, his 

 eons Cneius and Sextus continued the war on the part 

 of the republic, but were vanquished by Cajsar at 

 Munda. Sextus alone escaped, and concealed him- 

 self till the death of Caesar, when he again came for- 

 ward, fitted out a fleet, and so annoyed Mark Anthony 

 and Octavisn, that they were at length compelled to 

 admit him into their alliance, and to give up to him 

 Sicily, with the title Praefectus classis et orce mariti- 

 mee ex S. C. 



Pi ETAS. Cos. The figure of a woman, with a 

 rudder in one hand, a cornucopia in the other, and a 

 stork at her feet. Plate LX I. fig. 23. The inscription 

 on the reverse relates to Lucius, the brother of Mark 

 Anthony. The word PIETAS was adopted by Lucius 

 Antonius to denote his affection for his brother 

 Marcus. The stork was the symbol of piety, or 

 natural affection. 



M. ANTONIUS. Iiaperator Consul DEsionatus 

 iTERiim ET TERTium. The head of Anthony, with a 

 crown of ivy : a wreath of ivy also goes round the 

 edge of the coin. On the silver pieces, called Cisto- 

 phori. Plate LXI. fig. 11. The ivy garland properly 

 belongs to Bacchus ; but as Anthony wished to be 

 taken for Bacchus, it was placed round his coins out 

 of flattery. 



ANTONI. ARMENIA. DEVICTA. The head of An- 

 thony, with an Armenian crown behind it.) (CLEO- 

 PATR/E. REGINJE. REGCM. FILIORCJM. REGUM. head 

 of Cleopatra, with the prow of a ship. Plate LXI. fig. 

 18. This alludes to the stratagem by which Anthony 

 deprived Artavasdes, king of Armenia, of his crown, 

 and placed his own son, by Cleopatra, on the throne. 



OCTAVIANUS AUGUSTUS. The names inscribed upon 

 his earliest coins were generally, CAESAR. IIIVIR. 

 II. P. C. Somewhat later, IMP. CAESAR. DIVI. FILIUS. 



^EGYPTO. CAPTA. A crocodile. Plate LXI. fig. 10. 

 This coin commemorates his conquest of Egypt; a 

 crocodile having anciently been the symbol of that 

 country. 



M. AGRIPPA. L. F. Cos. III. Head of Agrippa, 

 adorned with a, wreath of ships' prows.) (s. c. Nep- 

 tune, holding a dolphin in his right hand, and the 

 trident in his left. Plate LXI. fig. 21. This coin 

 alludes to Agrippa's naval victories. After the 

 victory over S. Pompeius, Octavius presented him 

 with a crown of ships' prows, called in Latin, navalis, 

 elassica, or rostrata. 



GERMANICUS. CAESAR. Germanicus on a triumphal 

 car.) (SiGNis. RECEKTIS. DEVICTIS. GERMANIS. S. C. 

 Germanicus holding in his left hand a staff with an 

 eagle at the point of it. Plate LXI. fig. 13. The ob- 

 verse represents the triumph of Germanicus over the 

 conquered Germans. The figure and inscription on 

 the reverse allude to the recovery by Germanicus of 

 the Roman eagles which had been lost in the unfor- 

 tunate defeat of Quinctilius Varus by the Germans 

 under Arminius. 



AGRIPPINA. DRUSILLA. JULIA. S. C. Three females, 

 each holding in her hand a cornucopia. Plate LXI. 

 fig. 14. On this coin are represented the three sis- 

 ters of Caligula, with their names inscribed. 



Ti. CLAUD. CJBSAR. APG. GERM. &c. IMPERB- 

 tore RECEPTO. Inscribed over the gate of the camp 

 of the guards. Plate LXI. fig. 20. 



SERVUIS SuLi-icius GALBA. IMP. CAESAR. AUG. or 

 such like. HISPANIA : A female figure, holding in 

 her right hand a bunch of corn-ears and a poppy, and 

 in her left a round shield with two lances. Plate LXI . 

 fig. 19. Galba was partial to Spain and the Gallic 

 provinces, because they were the first to declare for 

 him against Nero. The attributes of Spain are the 

 bunch of corn-ears, to denote its fertility ; and the 

 round shield and lances the peculiar arms of the country. 



IMP. OTHO. ( \-KS.\K. AUG. &c. On Roman coins 



his head is never surrounded with the laurel wreath, 

 but covered with a sort of curly wig. Plate LXI. fig. 

 15. No reason has been assigned for the uncommon 

 rarity of the brass coin of this emperor. There are, 

 indeed, a good many of this metal, which, however, 

 were not struck at Rome, but at Antioch in Syria, or 

 at Alexandria in Egypt. All the brass Othos, which 

 have the form of the Roman coinage, are forgeries. 

 There are a good many of gold and silver, bearing 

 his name and portrait, which were struck at Rome. 

 Even the genuine coins of this emperor have nothing 

 remarkable about them, excepting those which bear 

 the inscription VICTORIA OTHONIS. 



IMP. NERVA. C^ES. AUG. P.M. &c. Fisci. JUDA- 

 ici. CALUMNIA. SUBLATA. S. C. A palm-tree. Plate 

 LXI. fig. 25. The Jews were liable to a tax of two 

 drachmas for the maintenance of the temple at Jeru- 

 salem. After the conquest of Judea by the Romans, 

 the produce of this tax was employed for the support 

 of the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. Under Domi- 

 tian, this tax was levied by the officers in a very 

 oppressive manner ; but by an ordinance of Nerva 

 these abuses were rectified ; and hence the inscription 

 on this coin. 



DACICUS. DAcia. CApta. A Dacian prisoner, with 

 his hands bound behind his back, sitting upon three 

 shields ; behind him, two Dacian crooked sabres ; be- 

 fore him, two darts. Plate LXI. fig. 16. This alludes 

 to the conquest of Dacia, which was made a Roman 

 province. Hence Trajan took the title of Dacicus. 

 Upon other coins of Trajan we read DACIA. AUGUS- 

 TI. PROVINCJA. 



HADRJANUS. AUGUSTUS. He was the first of the 

 emperors who allowed his beard to grow, because, it 

 is said, he wished to be taken for a philosopher. The 

 custom was continued by his successors, until Con- 

 stantine the Great laid it aside. AEGYPTOS. A fe- 

 male seated on the ground, holding in her right hand 

 the sistrum, and leaning with her left on a basket full 

 of fruit : At her feet is the bird Ibis. Plate LXI. fig. 

 17. 



CONCORDKE. AUGUSTOR. Tr. P. XV. Cos. III. The 

 two emperors, Aurelius and Verus, present their hands 

 to each other. Plate LXI. fig. 22. 



APE8O2A. A beautiful female head with the hair 

 sticking out on all sides.) (STPAKOSIfJN. A youth, 

 in a chariot and four in full career, crowned by a 

 winged goddess of victory. Plate LXI. fig. 24. 

 This coin was struck at Syracuse, which is still 

 the Peru of the collectors of coins. No Greek city 

 presents us with so many gold and silver pieces, 

 and of such weight. Its coins, too, excel all anti- 

 quity in the taste and beauty of their workmanship. 

 The obverse of this coin represents the celebrated 

 fountain of Arethusa, situated near the town and the 

 sea ; a divinity in the eyes of the Syracusans, and a 

 favourite theme with many an inspired poet. The 

 figure on the reverse, which always appears upon the 

 Sicilian coins, contains an allegorical representation 

 of their victories. The inscription, it will be ob- 

 served, is in the Doric dialect 



Plate LXII. we have devoted to English coins. The 

 reader is referred to the article Coinage, in this En- 

 cyclopedia, for a somewhat detailed account of Eng- 

 lish coinage. Meanwhile we proceed to describe 

 the coins represented in the above plate. 



Plate LXII. fig. I. A gold coin of Cunobelinus ; ob- 

 verse, the legend CAMV. for Camulodunum, Col- 

 chester ; reverse two horses and a wheel ; the legend 

 CVNOBILI. 



Fig. 2. A coin of Alfred, bearing on the obverse a 

 bust of the king, ornamented with a plain double 

 fillet, and jewel in front; legend ELFRED REX; 

 reverse, the name of the moneyer TILEVINE 

 MONETA and LONDINIA, in a monogram. 



