278 



NUMISMATOLOGY. 



Fig. 3. A coin of Egbert, bearing on the obverse 

 a rude bust of the monarch ; legend ECO BEARHT 

 REX ; reverse, the legend OB A MONET A, the 

 cross, and a monogram, supposed to be Dorob. C. 



Fig. 4. A coin of Edward I., bearing the bust of 

 the king, with a plain double fillet, and legend ED- 

 WARD REX; reverse, the representation of a 

 church, as is supposed, legend VVLFSIGE. 



Fig. 5. A coin of Ethelred, bearing on the ob- 

 verse the bust, adorned with a single fillet, having 

 the ends pendent, and terminated with pearls, 

 legend ^ETHELRED REX ANGLORUM; reverse, 

 in the centre, a and to, with the hand of Providence, 

 legend VALTFERTH. MOGIP. i. e. Ipswich. 



Fig. 6. A coin of Canute, bearing on the obverse a 

 bust of the king, with a kind of bonnet or helmet, 

 surrounded by a fillet ; both that and the bonnet have 

 the ends pendent and ornamented with pearls ; also a 

 sceptre, surmounted with a flew de Us, legend 

 CNUT. REX. Reverse, MOKULFON. STAM. 

 i. e. Stamford. 



Fig. 7. An Irish halfpenny of king John ; obverse, 

 full face, in a triangle, which is supposed to represent 

 the Irish harp, legend JOHANNES REX. Re- 

 verse, in a triangle, a crescent, and blazing star, with 

 a small star in eacli angle of the triangle, legend 

 W1LLEM ON DI., i. e. Dublin. 



Fig. 8. A Many of William, which is ascribed to the 

 Conqueror, from the circumstance of the double scep- 

 tre, to which his son Rufus had no pretension ; the 

 sceptre in his right hand is surmounted with a cross 

 pate, or holy cross ; that in his left is surmounted 

 with three pellets or pearls crosswise at the point, 

 legend WILLEM REX ANGLOR., the Saxon UJ 

 (W), being invariably used on these coins. Reverse, 

 a cross, with four sceptres, bottonne orpommette in the 

 quarters, in form of an escarbuncle. 



Fig. 9. A shilling of Henry VII. Obverse, profile 

 of the king to the left, with a crown of one arch 

 only ; mint mark a fleur de Us on both sides ; le- 

 gend HENR1C. SEPTIM. DI. GRA. REX. ANGL. 

 Z. FR. Reverse, the arms of France and England 

 quarterly, in a plain shield, surmounted by a cross 

 fourche. In the smaller coins is a key on each 

 of the lower quarters of the cross below the base of 

 the shield; legend POSUI DEU. ADIUTOREM 

 MEU. The coins of this reign were distin- 

 guished from those of preceding reigns by several 

 particulars : the arms of England and France took 

 place of the pellets; numerals, as VII., were first 

 used on some coins, to distinguish the kings of the 

 same name, besides the exchange of the side face for 

 the full face : a practice which has continued ever 

 since, with this difference only, that the heads are some- 

 times turned to the right, and sometimes to the left. 



Fig. 10. A crown of Henry VIII., which is sup- 

 posed to have been struck upon Henry's assuming 

 the supremacy, and to have served more as a medal 

 than a coin. Obverse, face nearly full, bust to 

 the waist, crown of fleurs de Us, and plain crosses; 

 in the right hand a sword, resting upon his shoulder, 

 and in his left the orb, with the cross, denoting 

 thereby that he was ready to defend his dominion and 

 faith by the sword; legend HENRIC. 8. DEI. 

 GRATIA. ANGLIE. FRANCI. Z. HIBERN. REX. 

 Reverse, the royal arms crowned and supported by a 

 lion and a dragon; legend ANGLICE Z HIBER- 

 NICE ECCLESIE SUPREMUM CAPUT, and be- 

 neath the shield, H. R. 



Fig. 11. A shilling of fine money of Edward VI. 

 Obverse, a bust of the king full faced, crowned, and 

 in parliament-robes, with a chain of the order of the 

 garter ; on one side of the face a double rose, and on 

 the other XII. to denote the value ; mint mark a ton 

 PIJ each side; legend EDWARD VI. D. G. AGL 



FRA. Z. HIB. REX. Reverse, arms in a plain shield, 

 surmounted by a cross fourche. This is supposed to 

 be the first and only English coin or medal, whereon 

 the collar of the order of the garter is to be seen; 

 but, whether from the mistake of the engraver, or any 

 other cause, this is different from the collar of the 

 order appointed by the statutes of Henry VIII., 

 which was to be composed of double roses encom- 

 passed with the garter ; whereas this has single roses 

 of four leaves only, without garters, and without 

 knots between. The silver coins of this reigu were 

 the last on which the heads of any of our princes 

 have been represented with a full face. 



Fig. J2. A half-crown of queen Elizabeth. Ob- 

 verse, bust of the queen, having the hair curled in two 

 rows next the face, and turned up behind, ruff', and 

 gown richly ornamented : sceptre fleure in the right 

 hand, globe or mound in the left ; mint mark on both 

 sides the Arabic figure 1 ; legend ELIZABETH D. 

 G. ANG. FRA. ET H1BER. REGINA. 



Fig. 13. A half-crown of James I. Obverse, the 

 king on horseback, in profile to the left, crowned, and 

 in armour. In his right hand a drawn sword ; the 

 horse ambling ; on the housing a rose crowned ; mint 

 mark on both sides a thistle ; legend JACOBUS D. 

 G. ANG. SCO. FRAN. ET HIB. REX. Reverse, 

 in an escutcheon, highly ornamented, the royal arms, 

 quarterly first and fourth, England and France, 

 quartered ; Scotland in the second ; Ireland in the 

 third. The arms of Ireland now appear for the first 

 time upon the coins. 



Fig. 14. A shilling of Charles I. Obverse, bust 

 of the king turned to the right, crowned, and in ar- 

 mour, with long hair, the object of puritanical abhor- 

 rence ; mint mark, on both sides, an anchor ; legend 

 CAROLUS D. G. MAG. BRI. FRA. HIB. REX. 

 Reverse, arms of England, France, Ireland, and Scot- 

 land, on a plain square shield, and cross fleure; 

 legend CHRISTO AUSPICE. 



Fig. 15. A shilling of Cromwell. Obverse, bust 

 in profile to the right, laureat, with a Roman mantle; 

 legend OLIVAR. D. G. R. P. ANG. SCO. HI. &c. 

 PRO. Reverse, in a shield, surmounted by an im- 

 perial crown, quarterly, first and fourth, St George's 

 cross for England; second, St Andrew's cross for 

 Scotland ; third, the harp for Ireland. On an es- 

 cutcheon of pretence a lion rampant ; legend PAX. 

 QU^ERITUR. BELLO. 1658. 



Plate LXIII. we have devoted to Scottish coins. 

 With regard to the coinage of Scotland, it is believed 

 that there exist silver pennies of Alexander I., who 

 reigned in 1107; and there certainly are some of 

 Alexander II. in 1214, as also of David in 1124. 

 There are many coins of William I. in 1)65; and a 

 large hoard of his pennies was found at Inverness in 

 1780. The money of Scotland was of the same 

 value with that of England, until the vast drain 

 occasioned by the enormous ransom of David II., 

 after which its size was reduced ; and its value con- 

 tinued to diminish to such a degree, that in 1 600, it 

 passed only for a twelfth part of the English money, 

 and remained at that low ebb until the union of the 

 two kingdoms. 



The only silver coin was the penny, until the year 

 1293, when Alexander III. coined also halfpence; 

 and there are silver farthings of Robert I. and David 

 II. The groat and half-groat were also introduced 

 by the latter, which completed the set of Scottish 

 silver. These all ceased to be coined in the time of 

 queen Mary ; when shillings were first coined, with 

 the bust of the queen on one side, and the arms of 

 France and Scotland on the other. The silver crown, 

 of the value of 30s. Scots, was first coined in 1565 ; 

 smaller pieces of 20s. and 10s. were likewise struck, 

 and marks of silver, worth 3s. 4d. English. These 



