NUMISMATOLOGY. 



279 



coins have the mark XXX., XX., X., upon them, to 

 denote their value. The motto, NEMO ME IMPONE 

 LACESSET first appears on Scottish coins in 1578. The 

 crown of an ounce weight gradually increased in 

 nominal value, until, in 1601, the mark was LX. In 

 the time of Charles I., half marks, 40, and 20 penny 

 pieces, were coined. In 1665, the Scottish dollars first 

 appeared, in value 56s. Scots, with the half and quar- 

 ter of proportional value. In 1686, James VII. 

 coined 60s., 40s., 20s., 10s., and 5s. pieces; but only 

 those of 40s. and 10s. are known. At the union of 

 the kingdoms, all the Scottish coins were called in 

 and recoined at Edinburgh, with the mark E. under 

 the bust. In general, the Scottish silver coins are 

 equal, if not superior, in execution, to the English. 



Gold was first issued in Scotland by Robert II. 

 The pieces were at first called St Andrews, from the 

 figure of that tutelar saint upon the cross. The lion 

 was another name for the largest gold coins, from the 

 arms of the kingdom upon it. Then comes the uni- 

 corn under James III. ; which was followed by the 

 bonnet-pieces of James V. ; which last are of admi- 

 rable workmanship. The last gold coined in Scot- 

 land consisted of the pistole and half pistole, of twelve 

 and six pounds Scots, which have the sun under the 

 head. 



The Scottish copper coinage is of an earlier date 

 than that of England. It was preceded by money of 

 billon, called black money, consisting of copper 

 washed with silver. The true copper coinage began 

 in the time of James VI. The bodle, so called from 

 Bothwell the mint-master, was worth two pennies 

 Scots. The law-bee (las piece) was also coined, cor- 

 responding with the English halfpenny. Some pieces 

 called Atkinsons were also coined by James VI. in 

 1582, which went for a third more than the value of 

 tile baw-bee. Besides these, there were the hardie 

 and the plack, the former worth three the latter four 

 pennies Scots. The Scottish coins of Charles I. are 

 very rare. 



We now proceed to describe the coins represented 

 in Plate LXIII. 



Fig. 1. A penny Scots of William, surnamed the 

 Lion, who succeeded his brother Malcolm IV. in 1 165. 

 The king is represented in profile. The legend is 

 Le Rei fVilam. On the reverse the name of the coiner 

 and the place where coined Adam on Edenebu are 

 given. Five different places of mintage appear of 

 this king's coin, viz., Edinburgh, Berwick, Perth, 

 Roxburgh, and Stirling. 



Fig. 2. A penny of Alexander III., who succeeded 

 his father in 1249. Legend Alexsander Dei Gra: 

 reverse Rex Scotorum. 



Fig. 3. A penny of Robert Bruce, who obtained 

 the crown in the year 1306. Legend Robertas Rex 

 Scottoru : reverse Villa de Perth (town of Perth.) 



Fig. 4. A coin of Robert III., with the royal arms 

 crowned, and St Andrew's cross on the reverse. See 

 fig. 8. 



Fig. 5. A farthing of David II., who succeeded his 

 father in 1329. 



Fig. 6. A groat of the same monarch. Legend 

 David Dei Gra Rex Scotorum : reverse Dns Ptector 

 MS et Libator MS, i. e. Dominus protector meus et 

 liberator meus. Inner circle, Villa Aberdon. 



Fig. 7. A halfpenny of Robert II., who succeeded 

 to the throne in 1371. Reverse legend Villa Edin- 

 burg. 



Fig. 8. A small coin of Robert III., who succeeded 

 his father, Robert II., in 1390. Reverse legend Vil- 

 la de Perth. 



Fig. 12. A groat of James I., who succeeded his 

 father in 1406. Legend Jacobus Dei Gratia. Rex 

 Sco. Reverse Dns Ptector MS ct Libafor. Inner 

 circle Villa Edinburgh. 



Fig. 9. A groat of James II., who succeeded to 

 the throne in 1437. Legend Jacobus Dei Gra Rex 

 Scottorwn. Reverse Dns Ptector MS Liberator MS 

 (explained above.) Villa Edinburgh. 



Fig. 11. A groat of James III., who succeeded to 

 the throne in 1460. Legend Jacobus Dei Gra Rex 

 Scotorum. Reverse Dns Ptector MS et Leberuto. 

 Villa Edinburgh. 



Fig. 10. A groat of James IV., who was crowned 

 iii 1488. Legend Jacobus Dei Gra Rex Scottoru Qra 

 (i. e. Quarta or IV.) Reverse Salvum Fac Populu 

 tuu Dne. Villa Edinburge. 



Fig. 13. A groat of James V., who succeeded his 

 father in 1514. The king's head in profile regarding 

 the left. Legend Jacobus 5 Dei Gra Rex Scotor. 

 Reverse : the arms of Scotland in the centre of the 

 great cross of Malta, which reaches to the edge of 

 the piece. Legend Oppidu Edinburgi, 



Fig. 14. A testoon of queen Mary, who succeeded 

 her father, when only a week old, in 1544. The wi- 

 dowed head of the queen, regarding the right ; un- 

 derneath a scroll, with the date 1562. Legend Ma- 

 ria Dei Gra. Scotorvm Regina. Reverse : in a shield, 

 the royal arms of France are half effaced on the 

 dexter side by those of Scotland on the sinister, hav- 

 ing on each side an M crowned. Legend Salvom 

 fac. Populvm tvvm Domine. 



Fig. 15. A half-merk of James VI., who was placed 

 on the throne, on his mother's resignation, which 

 happened in July, 1567, when he was but a year old. 

 The king's bust bareheaded, looking to the left, in 

 armour. Legend Jacobus 6 D. G. R. Scotorum. Re- 

 verse : a three-headed thistle crowned. Legend 

 Nemo me impune lacesset, 1595. 



Fig. 16. A sixpence of the reign of Charles I. 

 who succeeded his father in 1625. King's head 

 crowned. VI behind the head to denote the value of 

 the piece. Reverse : the arms crowned ; C. R. 

 crowned at the side of the shield. Legend Qua: Deus 

 conjunxit nemo sep. 



Fig 17. A merk (date 1669) of the reign of Charles 

 II., who succeeded to the crown in 1660. The XIII. 

 in the centre of the reverse denotes its value. 



Fig. 18. A coin of the reign of James VII. (II. of 

 England) who succeeded to the throne in 1684. The 

 only two coins this monarch struck in Scotland were 

 the 40s. and 10s. Scots money. The 10 beneath the 

 head denotes the value of this piece. 



Fig. 19. A coin of William and Mary, who sup- 

 planted James II. in 1688. The figure 10 denotes it 

 of the same value as the preceding 



Fig. 20. A coin of queen Anne, who succeeded to 

 the crown in 1701. There were but two coins of this 

 reign struck in Scotland, the ten and five shillings 

 Scots. The 5 on the present piece marks its value. 



Numismatics appears to have been entirely un- 

 known as a science to the ancients. It does not ap- 

 pear from any ancient works, that any value was set 

 upon coins as curiosities by the collectors of works 

 of art, in the times of Augustus and the Antonines, 

 though there were, at that time, series of coins of 

 cities, some of which have come down to us, and at- 

 tract attention on account of their antiquity, and the 

 beauty of their execution. Such are the coins of 

 Sybaris, and the cities of Magna Grascia, which, with 

 their independence, lost the right of coinage. This 

 disregard is more remarkable, as gems, which are so 

 nearly allied to them, were in high esteem ; but, in 

 the fifteenth, and particularly in the middle of the 

 sixteenth century, princes and private individuals, 

 particularly in Italy, France, and Germany, rivalled 

 each other in zeal for collecting these remains of an- 

 tiquity, at first, principally with a view of obtaining 

 portraits of the chief characters of Roman history. 

 Learned treatises soon succeeded these first collec- 



