ORNITHOLOGY. 



353 



straight, rounded, and inclined nt the tip; head divested of 

 feathers, in some species covered with a short down ; nostrils 



traight, compressed, hooked towards the point ; cere 



long 



nig, ftUiliguL, iu sai:u, nuimuu MIWMUB LUC 



nuked, covering- half the beak ; uppi<r mandible tumid towards 

 the tip; head oblong, which, with the upper part of the neck, 

 is destitute of feathers ; nostrils longitudinally cleft, placed in 



the middle of the bill, adjoining the ridge of the upper man- 

 dible, broad, and sometimes surmounted 1>y fleshy appendages ; 

 legs more or less slender, with a naked tarsus; middle toe long, 

 and united to the exterior one at the base. 



Gypnetus barbatus. Bearded Vulture. PI. G8, f. 9. Bill 

 long; upper mandible arcuated towards the point, and benk 

 like a hook ; nostrils oval, covered, with bristly hairs directed 

 forwards ; feet short, three anterior toes united by a short 

 membrane, the middle one considerably longer than the others ; 

 nails slightly hooked ; wings long. 



Gypogeremut Serpentarnis. Secretary. PI. 68, f. 3. Bill 

 thick, strong, shorter than the head, bent from its base, where 



tibia feathered ; tarsus long, naked, more slender at the base 

 than above; toes short, verrucose below, the anterior ones 

 united at the base; hallux articulated on the tarsus; wings 

 long, armed with a spur, the first five quills longest, and nearly 

 equal. 



Potyborus vulgaris. Brazilian Caracara Eagle. PI. 68, f. G. 

 Bill somewhat elongated, deep, and laterally compressed, upper 

 mandible strongly hooked at the tip, base covered with a hispid 

 cere; nostrils narrow, elliptical, somewhat oblique near the 

 ridge of the beak ; wings nearly equal to the tail in length, and 

 fourth quills the longest; tarsus long and naked; claws of mo- 

 derate length, slightly curved. 



Falco hlandims. Jerfalcon. PI. 67, f. 3. Bill hooked, 

 generally curved from its base, at which there is a coloured 

 cere, partially covered with hairs at its base ; mandibles notcjied 

 in some species; nostrils lateral, open, oval, or roundish, situ- 

 ate in the cere ; tarsus wholly or partly covered with feathers ; 

 toe? strong, long, provided with long, sharp claws ; wings 

 long, the first quill and the third of equal length, the second 

 longest. 



Harpyia destructor. The Harpy Eagle. PI. 68, f. 7. Bill 

 strong, upper mandible very thick at the base, straight for a 

 certain length, from whence it suddenly curves downwards 

 with a strong arch towards the point, which is very sharp ; 

 lower mandible short, straight, and obtuse ; nostrils transverse, 

 oval ; wings reaching to the middle of the tail ; tarsus very 

 strong, partially covered with feathers in front, strongly reticu- 

 lated below. 



AqtMa fucosa. Wedge.tailed Eagle. PI. 68, f. 2. Bill 

 straight at the base, strong, greatly hooked at the point, com- 

 pressed, with the sides inclining upwards, and forming a nar- 

 row ridge or culmen : nostrils oval, lateral, transverse ; wings 

 large, fourth and fifth quills the longest ; tarsus clothed with 

 feathers to the toes ; toes short, the outer and middle ones 

 united at the base by a membrane; claws strong, hooked, :-harp, 

 and grooved beneath. 



Haliaetus leiicocepfialus. White-headed Eagle. PI. 67, f. 2. 

 Bill elongated, strong, straight at the base, curving in a regular 

 arc in advance of the cere to the tip, and strongly hooked; cul- 

 men broad and flat; nostrils large, luniform, transverse, pierced 

 in the cere; wings ample, the fourth quill the longest; tarsus 

 half covered with feathers, front naked and scutellated, sides 

 and back reticulated , toes divided their whole length ; claws 

 strongly hooked, and grooved beneath, claw of the hallux larger 

 than that of the inner toe, which exceeds in length those of the 

 middle and outer toes. 



Astur atricapflhu. Goshawk. PI. 68, f. 13. Bill short, bent 

 from its base, sides compressed, upper mandible with a lobe 

 upon its cutting margin; nostrils oval, opening obliquely; 

 wings short, hardly reaching the centre of the tail when closed, 

 fourth quill longest, inner webs of the first five deeply notched; 

 tarsus of medium length, scutellated in front ; middle toe much 

 longer than the other ; hallux strong ; claws strong, incurved, 

 and sharp. 



Buteo Jmericanus. American Hen Harrier. PI. 68, f. 10. 

 Bill rather slender, incurved from its base ; upper mandible 

 slightly sinuated, with an obtuse lobe, sides compressed; under 

 mandible shallow, the tip obliquely truncated ; cere large ; nos- 

 trils pyriform, the narrow end turning upwards; wings long, 

 first quill very short, not exceeding the seventh in length; the 

 second shorter than the fifth ; the third and fourth the largest 

 in the wing, the first four with their webs deeply notched; tar- 

 sus short, naked in front, or feathered to the toes; toes short, 

 united at the ba^e ; claws strong, but not much hooked. 



ElanwfwcatUi. Swallow- tailed Hawk. PI. G8, f. 12. Bill 

 weak, of medium length, compressed, nearly straight at the 

 base, and hooked at the rip ; wings long, with the second fea- 

 thers generally the longest, the first and second with their inner 

 webs strongly notched ; tail long, more or less forked ; tarsus 

 short, feathered half way down, naked part reticulated; claws 

 strong, incurved; under surface in some species partly rounded. 



Bubon<evia. Mottled owl. PI.G8, f. 11. Bill short, strong, 

 bent from the base, compressed towards the tip ; nostrils large, 

 oval, or rounded, placed in the upper part of the cere; facial 

 disc small, somewhat incomplete about the eyes; head provided 

 with tufts in the form of horns; auditory opening small, oval, 

 destitute of an operculnrn ; wings rather short, concave ; third 

 and fourth quill -feathers generally the largest ; tarsus and toes 



clothed with feathers ; outer toe reversible ; claws long, mo- 

 derately curved, mid very sharp. 



Noctua Dat/iousiei. Dalhousie's Owl. PI. C7, f. 4. Bill 

 bending from the base, much curved ; cere short, In the ante- 

 rior part of which tiie nostrils are placed; auditory conch large, 

 with a narrow operciilum; facia! disc complete ; wings of me- 

 dium length, ample and rounded ; the third and fourth quills 

 longest, and nearly equal ; innei webs of the first primaries 

 notched ; tail slightly rounded, and longer than the wings when 

 closed ; tarsus and toes more or less feathered ; claws mode- 

 rately incurved; the inner and middle one grooved, and the 

 outer one and the hallux nearly cylindrical. 



ORDER IF. OMNIVORA. 



Bill of medium size, robust, sharp at the edges; upper man- 

 dible more or less convex, and notched near the point ; feet 



Ulllic limit: m leas umivt^jv, niiu Jii'iiuru iicai uiv innuwj even 



provided with four toes, three before, and one behind; wing* 



of medium size, with the quill-feathers terminating in a point. 



Opiithocomus cristatus. Crested Hoatziu. PI. 67, f. 27. 



the base of the bill covered by a membrane ; legs short, strong i 



Bill medium size, strong; head convex above,bent and com- 



iners ; toes mierai, uiieuucti, me iiiieiimi UHV vn y siiui i, juineu 

 at its base; external united to the second joint; wings short, 

 first three quills graduated, the fourth and fifth longest. 



Corvus Corax. Haven. PI. 67, f. 7. Bill straight at the 

 base, thick ; sides compressed, bent towards the point, and 

 edged ; nostrils oval, open, placed at the base of the bill, covered 

 by reflected bristly feathers ; wings pointed ; the first quill 

 shorter than the others, the third and fourth longest; tarsus 

 and feet strong, plated, with three toes before, and one behind; 

 claws strong, curved; toes divided; tarsus longer than the 

 middle toe. 



Garrulus Canadensis. Canada Jay. PI. 67, f. 8. Bill shorter 

 than the head, conical, slightly compressed, strait at the base, 

 rather reflected towards the tip, which is faintly emarginate; 

 lower mandible of nearly equal thickness, its culmen equally 

 convex with that of the upper; nostrils basal, lateral, covered 

 by short cetaceous feathers ; wings rounded, first quill short, 

 the fourth, fifth, and sixth, of nearly equal length, and longest 

 in the wing; tail of medium length; tarsus longer than the 

 middle toe, outer toe joined at its base to the middle one, and 

 longer than the inner; hallux strong, with a dilated sole ; claws 

 stout, moderately curved, and sharp. 



Quiscalus Versicolor. Purple Grakle. PI. 67, f. 23. Bill 



sua HIJUUlHieu ; iiiiuuit: iir <ILI<II ucu UJ tin; eAienui uiie, LIIK 



length of the first joint, but quite separate from the interior 

 one ; wings medium length ; first and fifth quills of equal 

 length, the third and fourth the longest; tail with twelve 



feathers. 



Nucifraga guttata. Speckled Nutcracker. PI. G7, f. 22. Bill 

 long, straight, narrowed at the point; upper mandible rounded, 

 longer than the under, both terminated in an obtuse, depressed 

 tip ; nostrils basal, round, open, and concealed by protruding 

 hairs; three toes before, and one behind ; tarsus longer than tlie 

 middle toe; wings accuminated, fourth quill-feather longest. 



Pyrrhocorax alpinus. Red-legired Crow. PI. 67, f. 12. Bill 

 of medium size, slender, compressed, bent, smooth, and slightly 

 notched ; nostrils basal, lateral, ovoid, entirely concealed ; 

 tarsus strong, longer than the middle toe ; toes almost wholly 

 separated; claws strong, bent; wings cuneiform, the fourth 

 and fifth quills longest. 



Barita crttctica. Noisy Roller. PI. 67, f. II. Bill long, 

 strong, convex above, notched at the point, destitute of a nasal 

 furrcm- ; nostrils lateral, pierced longitudinally in the bill, co- 

 vered above, and half closed by the corneous substance ; legs 

 strong; tarsus longer than the intermediate toe ; external toe 

 united to the first joint, the internal one free ; hallux long, 

 strong; wings of medium size or long, the fourth or sixth quill 

 longest. 



Glaueopts cinerea. Wattle Bird. PI. 67, f. 13. Bill of me- 

 dium length, thick and stout; upper mandible convex, arcuated, 

 curved towards the point, covering the edges of the lower, at 

 the base of which is a fleshy membrane or wattle ; nostrils ba- 

 sal, Intern! ; legs strong ; tarsus longer than the middle toe ; 

 hallux with a long and crooked mil. 



Grficn/ii retigidsa. Sacred Mino. PI. 67, f. 10. Bill of me- 

 dium length, strong, greatly compressed, convex above, narrow 

 at the point, where it is notched in some species; nostrils la- 

 teral, open, partly concealed by the facial fenthers; logs strong ; 

 tarsus length of ihe middle toe, the external one joined at its 

 base, the internal one free; hallux short; third wing-quill 

 longest. 



