354 



ORNITHOLOGY. 



Rufaea rufeicent. Reddish Oxpecker. PI. 07, f. 19. Hill 

 medium sized, strong, thick, obtuse ; lower mandible stronger 

 than the upper, both gibbon* at the point; nostrils basal, half 

 closed by an arched membrane ; tarsus longer than the middle 

 toe : wings of medium size, first quill very short, the second 

 almost as long as the third. 



Pombticivora cedorttm. Cedar Bird. PI. 67, f. 30. Bill short, 

 strait, broad at the base; upper mandible slightly curved at the 

 point, with a small notch ; nostrils basal, ovoid, open, concealed 

 by protruding bristles ; three toes before, and one behind, tho 

 exterior joined to the middle one; wings of medium size, first 

 and second quills longest. 



Ptilonorynchut nuchalii. Ruffed Ptilonorynchus. PI. 69, 

 f. 80. Bill short, strong, depressed at the base, bent, notched 

 at the point ; lower mandible gibbous in the centre ; nostrils 

 basal, lateral, round, concealed by the feathers; legs short, 

 stroug ; tarsus longer than the middle toe, which is attached to 

 the exterior one by the first joint; hallux strong, curved ; the 

 fourth and fifth wing- quills longest. 



Coraciat viridit. Green Roller. PI. C9, f. 5. Bill straight, 

 compressed, higher than broad, upper mandible bent towards 

 the point ; nostrils linear, lateral ; legs short, strong, formed 

 for walking ; three toes before, and one behind, entirely divided; 

 wings long, first quill somewhat shorter than the second. 



Colarit Afra. African Colaris, or Roller. PI. 69, f. 12. Bill 

 short, strong, depressed, sides dilated, much broader than deep, 

 ridge rounded, point a little hooked, some species having a 

 notch, and others not ; lower mandible concealed by the mar- 

 gin of the upper; nostrils basal, long, cleft diagonally, half 

 shut by a membrane which is covered with feathers ; legs short; 

 tarsus shorter than the middle toe, anterior toes joined at then- 

 base ; wings long, second quill longest. 



Oriolut Sinentit. Chinese Oriole. PI. 67, f. 15. Bill form 

 of a lengthened cone, horizontally compressed at the base, and 

 marinated ; upper mandible surmounted by a ridge, notched 

 at the point; nostrils basal, lateral, naked, and horizontally 

 pierced in the membrane which is large ; tarsus same length as 

 the middle toe, shorter in some species, and middle toe joined 

 to the exterior one; first wing- quills very short, the third 

 longest. 



Icterut Phceniceus. Red-winged Troopial. PI. 69, f. 2. 

 Bill as long or longer than the head, straight like an elongated 

 cone, pointed, sharp, somewhat compressed, destitute of a dis- 

 tinct ridge or notch, base covered by feathers ; margins of man- 

 dibles more or less incurvated ; nostrils basa', lateral, and 

 covered by a horny rudimentary membrane ; tarsus as long, or 

 longer, than the middle toe ; wings long, third and fourth quills 

 longest. 



Yephantet spuriui. Orchard Baltimore. PL 69, f. 4. Bill 

 Dearly straight, entire, edge straight, a little sharp and thin ; 

 base of upper mandible forming an angle in front ; nostrils 

 dilated, and covered by a membrane ; tongue cartilaginous, 

 fringed at its extremity ; tarsus naked, annulated : middle toe 

 attached to the base of the exterior one, and totally separated 

 from the interior ; wings of medium length ; second and third 

 quills the longest. 



Sturmu unicolor. Sardinian Starling. PL 69, f. 1. Bi!l 

 straight, form of an elongated cone, depressed and slightly ob- 

 tuse ; base of upper mandible projecting on the forehead, the 

 point much depressed, and destitute of a notch ; nostrils basal, 

 lateral, half closed by an arched membrane ; wings long, first 

 quill very short, the second and third longest ; three toes be- 

 fore, and one behind ; the exterior joined at its base to the 

 middle one. 



Pastor cristatettui. Chinese Pastor. PI. 67, f. 26. Bill the 

 form of an elongated cone, slightly arcuated; edge greatly 

 compressed, point with a small notch; nostrils basal, lateral, 

 ovoid, half closed by a membrane, furnished with small feathers; 

 legs strong ; three toes before, and one behind, the exterior 

 joined at the base to the middle one; first quill of wing very 

 small, the second and third longest. 



Paradiien rubra. Red-tailed Bird of Paradise. PI. 67, f. 16. 

 Bill of medium length, straight, quadrangular, compressed, 

 pointed, somewhat convex above ; ridge between the feathers 

 of the forehead ; nostrils basal, marginal, open, but entirely 

 concealed by the feathers ; legs short; tarsus longer than the 

 middle toe ; lateral toe unequal, the internal one united to the 

 second joint; hallux strong, longer than the toes; first five 

 wing-quills graduated, the sixth and seventh longest. 



Ptilorii Paradiseus. New Holland Ptiloris. PI. 69, f. 21. 

 Bill long, greatly arcuated, upper mandible unequal, and 

 notched near the tip; nostrils basal, nearly concealed by the 

 feathers of the forehead; tarsus short and strong; feet with 

 three free toes in front, and a very strong hallux, the middle 

 toes longest ; claws strong and hooked ; fir.it quill of wings the 

 longest. 



Lamprotomii gularit. Gorget Bird of Paradise. PI. 68, f. 

 4. Bill of medium size, convex above, compressed and notched 

 at the point ; base depressed, a ridge between the feathers of 

 the forehead ; nostrils basal, lateral, ovoid, half closed by an 

 arched membrane, frequently covered by feathers ; legs long ; 

 tarsus longer than the middle toe ; internal toe joined at its 

 base, the external one free; fourth and fifth wing-quills 

 longest 



ORDER III INSECTIVORA. 



Bill of medium size, or short, straight, rounded, or awl- 

 shnped, slightly edged ; upper inaudible curved and notched at 

 the point ; frequently provided at the base wilh coarse pro- 

 ti uding hairs ; feet with three toes before, and one behind, ar- 

 tmilated <>n the same level, the exterior united at its base, or 

 to the fir: t joint of the middle toe. 



Merula lirida. Cat Thrush. PI. 69, f. 43. Bill of medium 

 size, sharp edged, compressed and recurved at the tip. upper 

 mandible notched near tho point ; at the opening of the man- 

 dibles, there are long bristles; nostrils Im.s.-il, iivnid, hitera., 

 half concealed by a naked membrane ; tarsus longer than the 

 middle toe, to which last the exterior one is united at its bas. 



CMoropsis gampsorhynchia. Hook-billed Chloropsis. PI. 

 69, f. 22. Bill of medium size rather slender, tapering, incur- 

 vated, acute, trigonal at the base, compressed at the middle and 

 point; edges of the mandibles turned inwards : nostrils basal, 

 lateral, membrane naked ; wings rounded, of medium size, 

 first quill short, second and third longer, the fourth and fifth 

 the longest, and nearly equal ; tarsus and toes short, the ex- 

 ternal and middle one attached at the base; hallux strong, 

 nails sulcated, compressed, incurved. 



Cinclia tuperciliosa. Supercilious Dipper. PI. 67, f. 28. 

 Bill rather slender, slightly recurved, compressed at the sides : 

 point of the upper mandible bent over the lower one ; nostrils 

 basal, lateral, longitudinally cleft, and partly covered by a 

 membrane ; three toes before, and one behind ; the exterior 

 joined at its base to the middle one; tarsus longer than the 

 middle toe ; wings short. 



Menura Novef Hollandice. New Holland M&nura. PI. 69, 

 f. 3. Bill straight, broader than deep at the base, somewhat 

 slender, bent and notched at the point, the base with protrud- 

 ing setaceous plumes ; lower mandible shorter than the upper ; 

 nostrils placed in the middle of the bill, large, oval, and covered 

 by a membrane; claws as long as the toes, broad, obtuse, con- 

 vex above ; wing's short, concave. 



Pitta cyanura. Blue-tailed Pit 

 dium size, strong, hard, compresse 



base, and bent and notched at the point ; ridge elevated at its 

 base ; nostrils basal, lateral, half closed by a naked membrane ; 

 legs long, slender, tarsus double the length of the middle toe ; 

 th^ internal toe united at the first joint; wings short, rounded, 

 the three first quills equally graduated, the fourth and fifth the 

 longest ; tail short, equal, or rounded. 



Myiothera futca. Brown Antcatcher. PI. 69, f. 10. Bill 



a uicmorane; ie{js long, sieiiaer, or or medium lengin ; laierai 

 toes nearly equal, the internal one united to the first joint: 

 wings short, rounded, the fourth and fifth quills longest ; tail 

 short, equal, or long- and graduated. 



Thamnophilus olivaceus. Olive Bush-Shrike. PI. 67, f. 36. 

 Bill short, robust, thick, somewhat gibbous, expanded at the 

 base, dilated at the sides, compressed towards the point, which 

 is obtuse, greatly bent, and notched; nostrils situate a little 

 from the base, lateral, rounded, or oval, open, pierced in the 

 horny substance of the bill ; tarsus longer than the middle toe ; 

 external toe united to the first joint ; wings short, rounded, 

 the fourth, fifth, and sixth quills longest and equal. 



substance, covered above by a cartilage ; base of bill with sti 



j.'roviut'u \\ini strong, proiruumg utum ; UUBLTUB uasai, latent', 

 nearly round, and half closed by a membrane, and frequently 

 half concealed by hairs; tarsus longer than the middle toe: 

 three toes before, and one behind, separate ; third and fourth 

 wing-quills longest. 



Ptarit Vieilloti. Vieillot's Psaris. PI. 69, f. 23. Bill short, 

 thick, conical, round, hard, ridged, depressed at the base, com- 

 pressed at the point, which is hooked and notched, destitute of 



a nasal furrow ; nostrils remote from the base, lateral, round 



compressed, and slightly notched, with a distinct nasal furrow; 

 lower mandible strong, broad, with an obtuse point ; nostrils 



lower iiiuiiuiuii* SLIUIIU, uiuau, \\iiii ;iii UUIUBK puuiL , uwainra 



basal, lateral, situate in a furrow of the corneous substance ; 

 tarsus strong, and lon'ger than the middle toe. 



Ocypterus viridis. Madagascar Ocypterue. Bill somewhat 

 lepressed at the base, with the point compressed and notched ; 

 ipper mandible convex above, and bent at the point ; nostrils 

 ateral, distant from the base, pierced in the corneous sub- 

 stance, concealed by short hairs at the base; legs and toes short, 

 wings long, the second and third quills longest and equal. 



Tricophorus barbatus. Bearded Tricopnonis. PI. 68, f- 21. 

 Bill short, strong, conical, compressed at the point, dilated 

 at the base, and bristled; upper mandible bent, and lightly 

 notched towards the point ; tarsus shorter than the middle toe, 

 the external one united to the second joint ; fourth, fifth, and 

 sixth wing-quills longest. 



Edolius cristatus. Crested Edolius. PI. 69, f. 25. Bill 

 strong, depressed and bristled at the base, and compressed at the 

 point, upper mandible convex, bent, and hooked at the point ; 

 nostrils basal, lateral, half covered with the bristles and fea- 

 thers ; tarsus short, slender; fourth, fifth, and sixth wiiig- 

 quilU longest ; tail more or less forked. 



Ceblepyris niger. Black Ceblepyris. PI. 68, f. 17. Bill 

 short, thick, strong, dilated at the base ; somewhat tumid and 



