ORNITHOLOGY. 



355 



compressed at the point; upper mandible arcuated, nnd hooked 

 towards the point; lower mandible straight, nearly equal to 

 the upper; nostrils basal, lateral, ovoid, concealed by close-set 

 hairs ; tar-us short and slender ; lateral toes unequal, united at 

 the oase ; fourth and fifth wing-quills longest. 



Coracma gymnodera. Bare-necked Coracina. PI. G9, f. 26. 

 Bill straight, thick, angular, convex above, compressed, and 

 tapering at the point, and slightly notched, with short hairs at 

 the base; nostrils basal, roundish, open before, and closed be- 

 hind by a feathered membrane ; tarsus strong, shorter than the 

 middle toe ; fourth and fifth quill feathers longest. 



Querttla rubicnllis. Purple Throated Querula. PI. 68, f. 15. 

 Bill depressed, triangular, both mandibles tumid ; upper man- 

 dible sloping and hooked, and slightly notched towards the 

 point; lower mandible very slender, and turned up at the tip; 

 base provided with nuchal bristles; tarsus naked, annulated ; 

 the middle toe joined to the external one, length of first articu- 

 lation, but totally separated from the interior; wings long, first 

 and eighth quills equal; the second and sixth shorter; the 

 fourth the longest of the whole ; tail with twelve feathers. 



Amplis ceerulea. Blue Chatterer, PI. 69, f. 49. Bill short, 

 somewhat depressed, deeper than broad; trigonal at the base, 

 notched, and abruptly bent at the point ; nostrils basal, lateral, 

 rounded, half closed by a membrane ; tarsus length of middle 

 toe, sometimes shorter, lateral toes united to the second joint; 

 second wing-quill longest. 



Casmarhynchos variegatus. Variegated Chatterer. PI. 69, 

 f. 28. Bill broad, greatly depressed, soft and flexible at the 

 base, corneous, compressed, and notched at the point; nasal 

 furrow large, ovoid, open, placed near the point of the bill, and 

 provided with small feathers ; tarsus longer than the middle 

 too ; third and fourth quills longest. 



Procinias ventralis. Blue Berry-oater. PI. 68, f. 8. Bill 

 broader than the forehead, dilated on the sides, strong, de- 

 pressed, and greatly compressed and notched at the point ; 

 ridge a little raised at the base ; nostrils basal, tubular, bor. 

 dered by a membranous circle ; tarsus longer than the middle 

 toe ; second and third wing-quills longest. 



Bupicoia etegans. Elegant Rupicola. Fl. 69, f. 19 Bill of 

 medium length, strong, slightly arcuated, bent and notched at 

 the point ; lower mandible straight, pointed ; nostrils basal, 

 lateral, ovoid, concealed by the semicircular feathers of the tuft ; 

 tarsus strong, length of middle toe, and partly covered by fea- 

 thers ; external toe united beyond the second joint; first wiug- 

 quills filiform, much elongated. 



Phibalura flavirostres. Yellow-billed Phibalura. PI. 69, f. 

 29. Bill very short, somewhat conoid, convex above, and di- 

 lated on the sides ; upper mandible notched at the point, lower 

 one straight ; nasal furrow very small, nostrils basal, covered 

 by a membrane ; first and second wing-quills longest; tail long, 

 slender, and greatly furcated. 



Pipra cmtdata. Fork-tailed Manakin. PI. 69, f. 14. Bill 

 trigonal, compressed and notched at the base, which is dilated ; 

 nostrils basal, lateral, open, half concealed by a feathered mem- 

 brane; wings and tail usually short; two exterior toes united 

 at about half their length ; fourth and fifth wing-quills longest. 



Pardalottu striattts. Striated Manakin. PI. 69, f. 48. Bill 

 very short, thick, dilated at the base, with a distinct ridge, both 

 mandibles equally strong, and of same length, convex, and 

 somewhat obtuse, the upper one notched ; nostrils basal, lateral, 

 and covered by a membrane , tarsus slender, longer than the 

 middle toe. 



Todus viridit. Green T.ody. PI. 69, f. 16. Bill long, 

 broader than deep, formed of two thin plates, with a distinct 

 ridge ; point of upper mandible straight, divided at the tip, 

 the lower obtuse and truncated ; nostrils open, rounded ; base 

 of mandibles beset with long hairs ; toes lateral, unequal, the 

 external one united to the third joint, and the internal one to 

 the second, wings short, fourth quill longest. 



Platyrhynchos cottaris. Collared Platyrhynchos. PI. 68, f. 

 11. Bill broader than the face, dilated on the sides, greatly 

 depressed, point bent and notched ; nostrils basal, round, or 

 oblique, closed above by a feathered membrane ; tarsus longer 

 than the middle toe ; exterior toe united to the middle one, to 

 the first joint ; nail of the hallux strong, hooked ; third and 

 fourth wing-quills longest. 



Mutcipeta regia. Coast Muscipeta. PI. 69, f. 44. Bill 

 greatly depressed, broader than deep ; upper mandible with a 

 sharp ridge, hooked and incurved on the lower, and generally 

 notched ; lower mandible much depressed, and sharp, base pro- 

 vided with long hairs, which frequently project beyond the 

 bill ; nostrils basal, open, lateral toes unequal, the external one 

 united to the second joint; first three wing-quills graduated, 

 the third and fourth longest 



Muscicapa Snya. Says Muscicapa. PI. 67, f. 25. Bill strong, 

 nngulnr, depressed at the base, compressed and curved towards 

 the point ; base beset with long, stiff hairs ; nostrils basal, la- 

 teral, ovoid, partly covered by hairs; tarsus length of the 

 middle toe; lateral toes always equal. 



Setophaga cti-rulea. Blue (inat-catcher. PI. 69, f. 45. Bill 

 entirely depressed with an acute ridge, and beset with bi-Utli-s 

 at its base; fourth and fifth wing-quills equal, and a very little 

 shorter than the second and third; tarsus long, slender, and 

 naked, lateral toes equal, scarcely longer than the hallux, and 

 considerably shorter than the middle one. 



Vireo olivacea. Red-eyed Chat. PI. 67, f. 27. Bill straight, 

 long, abruptly bent nnd notched at the point, both maadlMM 

 compressed at the sides ; nostrils bu-sal, roundish ; base of the 

 bill with bristles ; wings long, pointed ; second and third quills 

 equal and longest; first and fourth nearly equal; tarsus longer 

 than the middle toe; the three anterior toes more or less con- 

 nected at the base, interior one shortest : imils much curved 

 aud compressed : that of the hallux strongest. 



Mulurus Brownii. Brown's Malurus. PI 69, f. 30. Bill 

 slender, deeper than broad; upper mandible slightly arcuated, 

 base with small stiff hairs ; nostrils basal, lateral ; tarsus slen- 

 der, exterior toe united to the second joint ; wings very short, 

 rounded; tail very long and slender. 



Sylvia- virens. 'Black-throated Green Warbler. PI. 67, f. 20. 

 Billstraight, slender, subulate, base deeper than broad ; upper 

 mandible with its point frequently notched, under one straight ; 

 nostrils basal, lateral, ovoid, partly covered by n membrane ; 

 tarsus longer than the middle toe ; exterior toe joined at its 

 base to the middle one; first wing-quills very short, second 

 scarcely longer than the third. 



Regului Amcricanus. American Kinglet. PI. 67, f. 14. Bill 

 straight, slender, deeper than broai, compressed, the edges 

 inflected ; nostrils basal, with slender protruding bristles; first 

 wing-quill thort, second shorter than the third, which is the 

 longest; tarsus longer than the middle toe. 



Troglodytes palustris. Marsh Wren. PI. 69, f. 42. Bill 

 slender, slightly compressed, arcuated and emarginated ; nos- 

 trils basal, half closed by a naked membrane ; wings short and 

 rounded, fourth and fifth quills of equal length, and longer than 

 the others; tail short, rounded, erect; tarsus the length of the 

 middle toe. 



Saxicola rubicola. Stone Chat. PI. 69, f. 46. Bill straight, 

 slender, slightly carinated, and advancing upon the forehead ; 

 upper mandible a little bent above, and emarginate; nostrils 

 basal, lateral, ovoid, partly concealed by a membrane ; tarsus 

 considerably longer than the middle toe; external toe joined to 

 the middle one at its base ; third and fourth quills longest. 



Accentor alpinus. Alpine accentor. PI. 69, f. 47. Bill of 

 medium length, straight and strong, with an acute point; 

 edges of mandibles compressed, the upper one einanriuate ; 

 nostrils basal, naked, pierced in the membrane, which is~larf*e ; 

 tarsus strong; exterior toe united at its base to the middle 

 one ; third wing-quill longest. 



Motacilla 1'orealis. The Arctic Wagtail. P). 67, f. 35. Bill 

 straight, subulate, slender, ang-ular between the nostrils ; edges 

 of lower mandible compressed; nostrils basal, lateral, oval, 

 partially concealed by a naked membrane j tarsus considerably 

 longer than the middle toe ; exterior toe joined to the middle 

 one at the base ; hallux strong and long in some species; tail 

 very long, equal, horizontal ; one of the greater coverts as long 

 as the quills. 



Enicurus coronatus. White-crowned Enicurus. PI. 68, f. 

 22. Bill elongated, broad at the base; abruptly compressed 

 towards the point; tip curved; nostrils situate in a groove, 

 with an elevated membrane ; tarsus slender ; hallux short, 

 strong; tail furcated. 



Anthusrufulus. Reddish Pepit. PI. 68, f. 46. Billstraight, 

 cylindrical, slender, subulate near the tip, edges inflected to- 

 wards the middle; base of upper mandible ridged, point slightly 

 notched; nostrils basal, lateral, half closed by an arcuated 

 membrane; ha! lux generally longer than the middle toe ; third 

 and fourth wing-quills longest. 



Neops ruficituda. Red-tailed Nepp?. PI. 68, f. 5. Bill 

 slender, much compressed at the sides, entire and pointed ; 

 upper mandible straight, lower mandible shorter, curved down- 

 wards in the middle, and upwards at its tip, which is sharp ; 

 nostrils basal, oval, covered by a membrane; external and in- 

 ternal toes attached to the middle one as far as the first joint. 



ORDER IV. GRANIVORA. 



Bill more or less conical, short, strong; culmen, or ridge, 

 more or less depressed, advancing upon the forehead; man- 

 dibles generally destitute of notches; three toes before, and 

 one behind, the anterior ones entirely divided ; wings of me- 

 dium ' *' 



UIIl IfllgUI. 



Mauda arvetuis. Skylark. PI. 69, f. 9. Bill short, sub- 



conic, mandibles of equal length, upper one slightly convex ; 



capable of being raised into a crest. 



I'arus ater. Coal Titmouse. PI. f7, f. 5. Bill short. 



nearly wanting in some species, tourtn ana nitn tne longest. 



Emberiza Lapponica. Lapland Long-spurred Bunting. 

 PI. 69, f. 41. BiU short, robust, conical, compressed, upper 

 mandible narrower than the under one, edges of both sharp and 

 inflected; nostrils basal, rounded, surmounted, and partly 

 covered by the feathers of the forehead; toes divided; hallux 

 with a short, bent claw; tail furcated, or slightly rounded. 



Tanagra multicolor. Many-coloured Tunager. PI. 69, f. 

 30. Bill short, strong, triangular at the base, carinated, greatly 

 compressed and bent at the point; upper mandible longer than 

 the under; edges of the mandibles inflected; under mandible 

 straight, and somewhat gibbous towards the middle ; nostrils 

 basal, lateral, rounded, partly concealed by projecting feathers; 

 tarsus length of middle toe ; external toe joined at its base, 

 the internal one free ; second and third wing-quills longest. 



Siiltntor iilir./o-its. Olive-coloured Saltator. PI. 67, f. 69. 

 Mill thick at the base, robust, convex above, sides laterally 

 compressed; upper mandible arcuated, embracing the sides of 

 the lower mandible, curved and notched at the point; lower 

 mandilib* straight, somewhat shorter .than the upper one; nos- 

 trils basil, small, and open; middle toe united to the base of 

 the exterior one, interior quite free ; wings of medium length, 

 the tir r mid fourth quills longest. 



1'loceus i>crsvntitw. Masked Weaver. PI. 69, f, 3i. Bill 

 '/. % 



