350 



ORNITHOLOGY. 



conical, sharp, strong, infloetert, compressed at tho point, edges 

 of the inandiMi's bent inward.-.; nostrils basal, ovoid, open, 

 situate near the ridge ; tarsus same length as the middle toe; 

 anterior toes united at the base ; fourth quill longest. 



Loi-ia leitcoptera. White-winged Crossbill. PI. GO. (. 38. 

 Bill rather long, strong, greatly compressed, both mandibles 

 equally convex, and crossing each other near the points, when 

 closed ; nostrils basal, round and lateral, concealed by reflected 

 bristly feathers ; toes divided their whole length ; first wing- 

 qtii'l longest ; tail bifurcated. 



Ptittirottra ptittacea. Sandwich Island Parrot Bill. Bill 

 short, greatly hooked and gibbous at the bate ; upper mandi- 

 ble bent over the lower one at the point; lower, broad, 

 rounded, with an obtuse point ; nostrils basal, lateral, half con- 

 cealed by a feathered membrane ; tarsus longer than the middle 

 toe ; toes divided their whole length, the lateral ones equal ; 

 first wing-quill obsolete, the second shorter than the third. 



PyrrhtOa vespertina. Evening Grosbeak. PI. 69. f. 33. Bill 

 short, thick, gibbous at the sides, compressed at tho point and 

 towards the ridge ; both mandibles convex, particularly the 

 upper one, the tip of which overhangs the lower one ; nos- 

 trils basal, lateral, rounded, very frequently concealed by 

 feathers in front ; tarsus shorter than the middle toe ; toes 

 divided their whole length ; wings short, fourth quill longest ; 

 tail slightly rounded or square. 



y idua fuperciliosa. Supercilious Whidaw Bunting. PI. 09. 

 f. 32. Bill straight conical, sharp at the point, inflected at the 

 base, ridge of upper mandible raised ; slightly bent at the 

 tip ; edges of under mandible somewhat inflected ; nostrils 

 basal, and partly concealed by feathers in front ; tarsus 

 shorter than the middle toe; third and fourth wing-quills 

 longest; central tail quills or rectrices excessively elongated 

 in the males ; or the upper coverts are so. 



Pringil'a elegant. Elegant Linnet. PI. 68. f. 21. Bill 

 short, strong, straight, conical ; upper mandible gibbous, de- 

 pressed above, and a little bent at the point; nostrils basal, 

 round placed near the forehead, partly concealed by the front 

 feathers ; tarsus shorter than the middle toe ; toes entirely 

 separated ; wings short ; third and fourth quills longest ; tail 

 varied. 



Phytotoma Bloxami. Bloxam's Plant-Cutter. PI. 69. f. 37. 

 Bill rather short, slightly curved, with the ridge subdepressed, 

 and rounded, base broad, the frontal feathers partly extending 

 over the bill ; margins of mandibles sulcated, the upper one 

 widely and the under closely serrated, externally entire ; 

 tongue short entire ; wings of medium length, first quill 

 rather short, second longer, third, fourth, and fifth longest; feet 

 strong, toes of moderate length, lateral ones equal ; neck 

 slender, long, and slightly curved. 



Hyreus Abyssiniia. Abyssinian Hyreus. PI. 69. f. 35. Bill 

 conical, thick, straight, somewhat serrated ; nostrils ovate; 

 feet with three toes; two before, and a hallux, which is strong, 

 and provided with a hooked claw. 



Colias Senegalentis. Senegal Coly. PI. 69. 1.27. Bill short, 

 thick, conical, a little compressed at the point; mandibles 

 convex, the upper one covering the lower ; nostrils basal, 

 lateral, partially concealed by feathers ; tail very long, conical ; 

 tarsus short; toes separated their whole length; hallux re. 

 versible ; wings short ; third quill longest. 



ORDER V. ZYGODACTYLI. 



Bills of different forms, more or less curved, or greatly 

 hooked, frequently straight and angular ; feet always with 

 two toes before and two behind, the exterior hind toe often 

 reversible. 



Family I. Bill more or less curved; feet with two toes 

 before and generally two behind, the exterior hind toes in some 

 instances reversible. 



Mtuophaga variegata. Variegated Musophaga. PI. 68. f. 

 26. Bill short, strong, broad, ridge elevated and arcuated ; 

 notched at the point ; lower mandible with an angular extre- 

 mity ; nostrils basal, frequently concealed by feathers ; less 

 strong, tarsus equal in length to the middle toe : the exterior 

 reversible ; lateral toes equal ; fourth and fifth wing-quills 

 longest. 



Indicator major. Great Honey Guide. PI. 68. f. 23. Bill 

 short, depressed, sides dilated, slightly bent and notched at the 

 point ; ridge distinct ; nasal furrow large, nostrils basal, a 

 little tubular; tarsus shorter than the external toe; toes 

 united to the first joint; third wing-quill longest. 



Cticulus cupreus. Cupreous Cuckow. PI. 68. f. 28. Bill as 

 long as the head, compressed and slightly curved ; nostrils 

 basal, placed in the margin of the mandible, invested by a 

 naked, prominent membrane ; legs feathered lower than the 

 knee; toes united at their base; hind toes entirely divided; 

 the exterior reversible ; third quill longest ; tail long, more or 

 less graduated. 



Coccyzut caruleui. Blue Cuckoo. PI. 68, f. 29. Bill 

 rather long, strong, compressed its whole length ; slightly 

 arcuated from the base; under mandible straight, sloping at 

 its point ; nostrils basal, lateral, half closed by a naked mem. 

 brane; tarsus slender, much longer than the middle toe; 

 wings short, rounded, first five quills graduated. 



Centropui Senegalensit. Senegal Coucal. PI. 68, f. 30. 

 Bill thick, compressed, deeper than broad, carinated, arcuated 

 towards the point ; nostrils basal, lateral, diagonally cleft ; 

 tarsus strong, longer than the exterior toe ; two anterior toes 

 joined at the base ; inner bind toe, with a long subulate claw. 



I'h&nicophaui pyrrhocephalus. Malcoho. PI. 68, f. 31. 



II longer than the head, strong, thick, rounded, smooth, 

 wcuated, the base provided with divergent bristles; nostrils 

 remoto fr, m the base, lateral and linear, orbits naked, covered 



with papilla*; tarsus longer tlinn tho external tr-.* ; wings 

 short. 



Leptotomut riridis. African Cuckoo. PI. 68, f. 32. Bill 

 nearly triangular, laterally compressed, with a f rominont 

 ridge, upper mandible a little arcuated, the lower one straight ; 

 nostrils in the middle of the bill, half closed by an elongation 

 of the corneous matter; tarsus broad, depressed, covered with 

 rough scales, wings long, fourth quill longest; tail long, 

 equal. 



Scythrops Nov<e Hollandice. New Holland Scytlirops. PI. 

 68, F. 33. Bill long, convex above, laterally compressed, 

 curved at the point: upper mandible longitudinally grooved; 

 nostrils basal, naked, rounded; orbits nuked; tarsus shorter 

 than the middle toe ; two external toes united at the bas(> ; tail 

 long, rounded. 



Saurothera vetula. Long-bellied Cuckoo. PI. 68, f. 19. 

 Bill longer than the head, slender, laterally compressed, con- 

 vex above, edges of the upper mandible straight, slightly den- 

 tated; point abruptly hooked; nostrils oblong, covered by a 

 membrane; tarsus short, smooth, and annotated ; toes slightly 

 attached at the base; hind ones quite free; wings of medium 

 length; bastard wing very short; second and third quills 

 longest ; tail with ten feathers. 



Pteroglossus maculatus. Spotted-billed Aragou. PI. 69, f. 

 18. Bill longer than the head, slender, convex above, exter- 

 nally serrated, and curved at the point ; nostrils placed at the 

 bottom of the bill, concealed behind the corneous mass, vertical, 

 orbicular, open j tarsus the length of the external toe; two 

 anterior toes united to the second joint ; wings short, concave ; 

 the first four quills equally graduated ; tail long, graduated. 



Ramphastos Aracari. Aracari Toucan. PI. 69, f. 15. Bill 

 extremely large, convex above, broader than the head at the 

 base, somewhat incurved at the point, both mandibles serrated 

 at the edges; nostrils placed close to the head, concealed 

 behind the base of the bill ; vertical, surrounded by a mem- 

 brane ; tarsus as long as the external toe ; two anterior toes 

 united to the second joint ; tail short. 



Crotophaga ani. American keel-bill. PI. 69, f. 19. Bill 

 short, thick, greatly compressed, carinated above ; angulated 

 at the edges; tarsus long, slender, a little longer than the 

 external toe ; wings short ; tail rounded, consisting of eight 

 broad feathers. 



Trogon Paroniuf. Quizel. PI. 67, f. 21. Bill shorter than 

 the head, thick, strong, arcuated above, broader than high, 

 curved towards the point, margins dentated, base beset by 

 long bristles ; nostrils basal, open ; legs short ; tarsus not the 

 length of the external toe ; partially covered by feathers ; 

 exterior toe reversible ; fifth wing-quill longest. 



Capita cyanocollis. Blue-necked Barbet. PI. 68, f. 2-t. 

 Bill long, straight at the base, broader than deep, upper man- 

 dible longer than the under one, curved at the point ; nostrils 

 basal, lateral, pierced iu the corneous substance, concealed by 

 stiff hairs ; tarsus as long as the exterior toe ; two middle toes 

 united to the second joint; wings short. 



Succo tamatia. Spotted-bellied Barbet. PI. 68, f. 27. Bill 

 strong, acute, laterally compressed, covered with strong bris- 

 tles at the base ; upper mandible, emargiuate and incurved ; 

 nostrils ba al, lateral ; tarsus shorter lhan the external toe ; 

 anterior toes united to the second joint. 



Pogonias erythromelas. Red-throated Pogonias. PI. 68. f. 

 34. Bill short, strong, with a prominent arcuated ridge ; edge 

 of upper mandible furrowed or smooth, with one or two strong 

 teeth ; lower mandible less deep than the upper ; nostrils 

 basal, lateral, with strong bristles at the base; tarsus as long 

 as the exterior toe ; the two anterior toes united to the second 

 joint. 



Psittacut discurus. Racket-tailed Parrot. PI. 68, f. 35. 

 Bill short, thick, gibbous, very strong, both mandibles convex ; 

 greatly bent and hooked at the point ; lower mandible short, 

 obtuse; base of bill provided with a cere; head large; nos- 

 trils orbicular, open ; pierced in the cere ; legs short, very 

 strong; tarsus shorter than the exterior toe ; internal toes 

 united at their base ; tail much varied in different species. 



FAMILY II. BILLS STRAIGHT AND ANGULAR. 



Picut Megillanicus. Megellauic Woodpecker. PI. 68, f. 3d. 

 Bill long, or of medium length, straight, angular, cuneated at 

 the tip ; nostrils basal, open, covered by setaceous feathers ; 

 tongue round, vermiform ; legs strong ; two toes before and 

 two behind ; in some instances one only behind ; anterior toes 

 joined at their base; the posterior behind; tail with twelve 

 feathers, the lateral ones very short. 



Galbula tnacroura. Gold and Green Jacmar. PI. 69, f. 17. 

 Bill long, straight, or slightly bent towards the point, quad- 

 rangular and acute ; nostrils basal, oval, partly covered by a 

 naked membrane ; tarsus shorter than the exterior toe ; the 

 fore toes united to the third joint. 



Yunx torquiUa. Wryneck. PI. 67, f. 9. Bill short, straight, 

 in the form of a depressed cone ; ridge rounded, slender at the 

 point ; nostrils basal, naked, and partly closed by a membrane ; 

 two first toes united at their insertions ; the hind ones 

 divided ; tongue long, vermiform, armed at the point with a 

 horny subst.ince ; tail with ten soft flexible feathers. 



ORDER VI __ ANISODACTYLI. 



