ORNITHOLOGY. 



357 



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internal separate ; fourth and fifth quills longest. 



rally furrowed; wings very short; tail long, pointed. 



pressed, bent ; tail cuneiform. 



Anabates leucophrut. White-browed Anabates. PI. C8, f. 

 ill straight, shorter than the head, or the sam 

 species; compressed, deeper at the base tha 

 e lit at the oint, entire ; nostrils basal, lat 



partly 



pary covere y a eaere memrane ; arsus onger an 

 the middle toe, the exterior toe united to the second joint, and 

 the interior at the base ; wings short ; shafts of tail feathers 



eak. 



Opetiorhynchus rufus. Reddish Opetiorhynchus. PI. 68, f. 



. Bill longer than the head, slender, subulate, base de- 



weak. 

 18 



uireequms gradual 

 slightly graduated. 



Certhia maculata. Black and White Creeper. PI. 67, f. 18. 

 Bill long or of medium length, more or less curved, triangular, 

 compressed, slender ; nostrils basal, naked, horizontal, half 

 closed by a membrane ; three toes before, the exterior united 

 at its base to the intermediate one ; claws greatly hooked, 

 that on the hallux longest; tail graduated, with stiff pointed 

 shafts ; fourth \ving-quill longest 



extensible, uina, niamentous ; tarsus long 

 lateral toes equal, tail of medium length. 



quill longest, 



Nectarinia melanogaster. Black-breasted Soui-Manga. PI. 

 68, f. 37. Bill long, slender, subulate, more or less arcuated, 

 effuse and depressed at the base ; mandibles equal, edges of 



ase ; wi 

 third and fourth longest. 



Clinutcteris scandens. Climbing Climacteris. PI. 68, f. 45. 

 Bill short, subulate, greatly compressed ; mandibles equal, 

 acuminate ; nostrils covered by a naked membrane ; tarsus 

 length of the middle toe, which with the hallux, is very long ; 

 claws long, hooked, furrowed at the sides ; exterior toe 

 united to the second joint, the anterior to the first joint ; 

 third and fourth quills longest. 



Tichodroma pruenicpptera. Wall Creeper. PI. 68, f. 43. 

 Bill very long, cylindrical, slender, slightly arcuated, angulated 

 at the base, depressed at the point ; nostrils basal, naked, half 

 closed by an arched membrane ; exterior toe joined to the 

 middle one at the base ; claw on the hallux very long ; tail 

 rounded, feathers with weak shafts. 



Upupaepops. Hoopoe. PI. 67, f. 31. Bill very long, 



ron ; exo 

 tail square, consisting of ten feathers. 



Epimachia Britbanii. Brisbane's Epimachus. PI. 68, f. 47. 

 Bill considerably shorter than the head, slender, more or less 

 arcuated, compressed; mandibles acuminate, the upper one 

 slightly notched at the point, and longer than the lower one ; 

 gape wide extending to under the eyes ; tongue short, cartil- 



Meliphaga lunulata. Crescent Naped Honey Eater. PI. 68, 

 f. 44. Bill length of the head, in gome species shorter, com- 

 pressed, somewhat arcuated; emarginate and acute towards 

 the point; nostrils lateral, ovoid, covered by an arched mem- 

 brane ; tongue long, extensible, terminated by cartilaginous 

 filaments; external toes united to the second joint, the internal 

 to the first ; hallux long, very strong. 



ORDER VII. ALCYONES. 



Bill long, or of medium size ; pointed and nearly quadrangular, 

 either slightly arcuated or straight; tarsus very short; three 

 toes united before and one behind. 



Meropi Bullockii. Bullock's Bee Eater. PI. C7, f. 32. Bill 

 pointed with acute edges, slightly arcuated ; nostrils basal, 

 lateral, ovoid, concealed by protruding hairs; tarsus short; toes 

 united, the exterior to the second joint, and the interior to the 

 first joint of the middle toe ; hallux broad at its base ; second 

 quill longest. 



Alcedo Macleayii. Macleay's Kingfisher. PI. 68, f. 48. Bill 

 long, straight, quadrangular, acuminate, sharp-edged, and 

 very rarely depressed ; nostrils basal, lateral, oblique, nearly 

 closed by a naked membrane : legs short, naked above the 

 knee ; exterior toe united to the second joint, interior to the 

 first joint of the middle toe. 



Dacelo gigantea. Gigantic Dacelo. PI. 67, f. 34. Bill 

 thick, strong, quadrangular, conical; mouth gaping to the 

 eyes ; upper mandible longest, broadly notched near its point, 

 on each side ; nostrils oblong, half closed by a feathered mem- 

 brane , tarsus shorter than the middle toe; external toe 

 united to the third joint, the internal to the second ; wings ot 

 medium size. 



ORDER VIII. CHELIDONES. 



Bill very short, greatly depressed, and very wide at the base ; 

 upper mandible curved at the point; legs short; three toes 

 before, either entirely divided or connected at the base by a 

 short membrane ; hallux reversible ; claws much hooked ; 

 wings long. 



Hirundo albicollis. White-necked Swallow. PI. 70, f. 2. 

 Bill short, triangular, base divaricate, depressed, mouth 

 gaping nearly to the upper mandible, slightly hooked at the 

 point; nostrils basal, oblong, partly closed by a membrane, 

 surmounted by feathers in front ; legs short, toes and claws 

 slender, exterior toe united to the first joint of the middle 

 one ; wings long, first quill longest ; tail generally furcated, 

 and consisting of twelve feathers. 



Cypselus melbw. White Bellied Swift. PI. 70, f. 4. Bill 

 very short, triangular, divaricated, and depressed at the base ; 

 gape as far as under the eyes ; upper mandible hooked at the 

 point ; nostrils placed at the upper part of the bill ; longitudi- 

 nally cleft, open, margins raised^ feathered ; legs very short, 

 with the four toes directed forwards, entirely divided ; toes and 

 claws short, thick ; wings very long ; tail with ten feathers, 



Caprimulgus leopetes. Berbice Goatsucker. PI. 70, f. 9. 

 Bill very small, slightly curved, depressed at the base, mouth 

 extremely wide ; nostrils basal, wide, closed by a membrane, 

 surmounted by feathers ; legs short ; anterior toes united to 

 the first joint; middle claw long, serrated on the edge, but 

 smooth in some of the foreign species ; hallux reversible ; tail 

 round or forked, consisting of ten feathers. 



Podargus humeralis. Cold-River Night Jar. PI. 70, f. 7 

 Bill broader than the head, abruptly acuminate, and deflexed 

 at the tip; upper mandible spatuliform, arcuated ; surrounded 

 by stiff bristles; basal, nostrils linear, hidden by a bristled 

 membrane ; wings shorter than the tail ; toes entirely divided ; 

 claws nearly equal. 



ORDER IX. COLUMBvE. 



Coltimba aromatica. Aromatic Pigeon. PI. 67, f. 29. Bill 

 of medium size, strait at the base, tip, or horny point, com- 

 pressed and deflected ; base of upper mandible covered by a 

 soft ."kin, in which the nostrils are situate, towards the middle 

 of the bill ; point more or less curved ; feet with three 

 entirely separated toes in front, and one behind ; claws short, 

 blunt, strong; wings of medium length, acuminate; first 

 quill rather snorter than the second, which is the longest. 



Lophyrus coronatus. Crowned Pigeon. PI. 67, f. 24. Bill 

 straight, rather compressed, swelling a little at the point ; 

 upper mandible with a furrow, bent at the tip ; lower 

 mandible grooved, short, swelling at the point, and somewhat 

 reflected; nostrils small, orbicular, situate in a groove; 

 tarsus long, strong, covered with round scales ; anterior toes 

 united at the base by a small membrane ; tail with twelve 

 feathers. 



ORDER X. GALLING. 



Bill short, convex in some genera, covered by a cere ; upper 

 mandible arcuated from its base, in some species, bent only at 

 at the point ; nostrils lateral, covered by a membrane, naked 

 or surmounted by feathers ; tarsus long; three anterior toes, 

 united at their base by a membrane ; hallux articulated on the 

 tarsus above the junction of the anterior tors. 



Pavo muticus. Japan Peacock. PI. 70, f. 5. Bill convex 

 above, thick, bent towards the point, naked at the base; 

 nostrils placed near the ridge, a little from the base, open; 

 cheeks partially naked; tarsus longer than the middle toe, 

 with a conoid spur ; head crested ; tail consisting of eighteen 

 feathers, elongated, broad, capable of being expanded, like a 

 fan. 



fri'/ili.ciintus ignittt*. Macartney's Cock. PI. 70, f. 3. Bill 

 long, slightly arcuated from its base, where it if M>mewhnt 



