3iiO 



ORNITHOLOGY. 



dored by a me mbranc ; fmv :uul lu-nd wholly or partially naked ; 

 legs long ; anterior toes united the length ol tin- .second joint 

 by deeply indented membranes ; hnlliix long, resting on the 

 ground. 



Tantahu locu'ator. Wood Ibis. PI. 71. f. 12. Bill very 

 long, nearly straight, laterally compressed, detitute of a nasal 

 furrow, Ka-e its thick as tlie head, short, and curved at the tip; 

 upper mandilile arcuated ; sides dilated, tip compressed, cylin- 

 drical, and slightly notched ; under mandible equal with the 

 upper one, inaerted at the base, and slightly bent towards the 

 tip: both mandibles greatly inflected, and sharp; face destitute 

 ol feathers; nostrils longitudinal, oblong, cleft in the horny 

 substance ; tarsus double the length of the middle toe ; toes 

 united by a broad scalloped margin; hallux long, resting on the 

 ground ; wings long, first and second quills longest. 



Jbu ruber. Scarlet Ibis. PI. 71, f. 21. Bill long, slender, 

 arcuated, broad at the base, tip depressed, obtuse, rounded ; 

 upper mandible deeply furrowed ; nostrils almost basal, situate 

 near the upper part of the bill, oblong, straight, placed in the 

 membrane which covers the furrow ; face, and in some species, 

 part of the head and neck naked ; legs naked above the knee ; 

 toes united as far as the first joint, hallux long, the point reach- 

 ing the ground. 



\umenius pheeopui. Wimbril. PI. 71, f. 13. Bill strong, 

 arcuated, compressed, point hard, and slightly obtuse ; upper 

 mandible projecting beyond the lower, rounded at the point, 

 and channelled three-fourths of its length ; nostrils lateral, li- 

 near, pierced in the furrow ; face feathered ; legs slender, naked 

 above the knee, toes united by a membrane to the first joint ; 

 hallux articulated to the tarsus, and touching the ground. 



Tringa alpina. Dunlin. PI. 71, f. 14. Bill medium-sized, 

 long in some species, slightly arcuated, curved, or straight at 

 the point, soft, flexible, base compressed} point depressed, 

 dilated, obtuse ; both mandibles channelled near their extremi- 

 ties ; no.-trils lateral, conical, placed in the membrane which 

 covers the furrow ; legs slender, naked above the knee ; toes 

 entirely divided ; in a few species the exterior and middle toes 

 are connected by a membrane; hallux articulftted to the tarsus. 

 Totanus temipalmatin. Semipalmated Sandpiper. PI. 71, 

 f. 15. Bill medium length, straight, compressed, but rarely re- 

 curved, base soft, tip hard, sharp, and acuminate ; mandibles 

 furrowed at the base, upper one bent down at its extremity on 

 the under ; nostrils linear, longitudinally cleft in the furrow ; 

 legs long, slender, naked above the knee ; middle toe united to 

 the outer by a membrane, which in some species extends to the 

 second joint 



lAmota fedoa. Marbled Godwit. PI. 72, f. 17. Bill very 

 long, more or less recurved, soft, flexible, depressed towards 

 the point; both mandibles longitudinally channelled; point 

 dilated, obtuse; nostrils lateral, longitudinally cleft in the 

 groove; legs long, slender; a large naked space above the 

 knee ; exterior toe united to the middle one by a membrane to 

 the first joint : hallux articulated on the tarsus. 



Scolopax Wiltonii. Wilson's Snipe. PI. 71, f. 19. Bill long-, 

 straight, compressed, slender, soft, tip tumid, and hooked ; both 

 mandibles channelled half their length, the point of the upper 

 one projecting beyond that of the under ; nostrils basal, lateral, 

 longitudinally cleft near the edge of the mandibles, and covered 

 by a membrane ; legs slender, with a small naked space above 

 the knee ; toes entirely divided ; the exterior and middle one 

 rarely united. 



Rynchce variegatut. Variegated Snipe. PI. 71, f. 18. Bill 

 longer than the head, gibbous towards the point, greatly com- 

 pressed, inflected, upper mandible furrowed throughout, the 

 under one at the point only ; nasal furrow reaching the middle 

 of the bill; tongue as long as the bill, acute ; nostrils linear; 

 tarsus longer than the middle toe ; toes entirely divided ; hallux 

 articulated on the tarsus. 



Eurypy^a Heliai. Variegated Helias. PI. 71, f. 16. Bill 

 loug, straight, hard, compressed, point a little tumid; nasal 

 furrow very deep ; lower mandible sulcated at the sides ; point 

 notched ; nostrils basal, linear, long ; legs long, slender, tarsus 

 longer than the middle toe ; external toe united by a membrane, 

 internal divided, all provided with membranaceous borders ; 

 ballux on a level with the toes; tail very long. 



Rallta Virginianus. Virginian Water-rail. PI. 72, f. 19. 

 Bill longer than the head, slender, slightly arcuated, or straight, 

 compressed at the ba?e, cylindrical at the point ; upper man- 

 dible channelled ; nostrils lateral, longitudinally cleft in the 

 furrow, half closed by a membrane; legs long, strong, a small 

 naked space above the knees; toes entirely divided; hallux 

 articulated to the tarsus ; wings rounded, third and fourth quills 

 longest. 



Cullinula Martinico. Martinico Gallinule. PI. 71, f. 17. 

 Bill shorter thau the head, compressed, conical, base deeper 

 than broad ; ridge advancing on the forehead ; points of both 

 mandibles compressed, of equal length; upper slightly bent, the 

 lower one forming an angle ; nostrils longitudinally cleft, la- 

 teral, placed in the middle of the bill, half closed by a mem- 

 brane; legs long, naked above the knee; toes long, divided, 

 and provided with a narrow edging. 



Parra cenea. Bronzed Jacana. PI. 71, f. 38. Bill as long 

 as the head, straight, slender, compressed ; somewhat inflected 

 towards the tip, base depressed, dilated in front into a naked 

 plate, or elevated crest ; mandibles unequal ; nostrils oval, la- 

 teral, situate near the middle of the bill ; legs very long, slen- 

 der; tibia with a long naked space; toes very long, slender, 

 entirely divided ; wjngs ample. 



Porphyrio tavoua. IMartinico Porphyrio. PI. 72, f. 15. Bill 

 strong, hard, thick, conical, nearly as deep as long, shorter than 

 the head ; upper mandible dilated, and depressed as it approach- 

 es the head; nostrils lateral, placed iu the horny substance, 

 uaarly round and pervious; legs long, strong; toes in some 



species very long, quite divided ; edged with a very narrow 

 membrane. 



ORDER XIV. PINNATIPEDES. 



Bill straight, of medium size; upper mandible slightly curvec 

 at the tip ; legs middle-sized ; tarsus slender, or compressed ; 

 three anterior and one hind toe, which is anteriorly articulated 

 on the tarsus. 



Fulica Americana. American Coot. PI. 71, f. 20. Bill 01 

 medium size, strong, straight, conical, compressed, much deeper 

 than broad at the base ; ridge projecting in front, and dilated 

 into a naked plate ; mandible of equal length, the upper slightly 

 curved, dilated at the base, lower one forming an angle ; nos- 

 trils lateral, placed in the middle of the bill, longitudinally cleft, 

 half closed by a membrane ; legs long, slender, naked above the 

 knee ; toes long, united at their base with scolloped membrane* 

 along their sides. Uria Mole. Foolish Guillemot, pi. 71, f. '27. 



Podoa Henegalensii. Senegal Podoa. PI. 72, f. 23. Bill as 

 long as the head, cylindrical, straight, acuminate ; point notch- 

 ed; ridge distinct, nasal furrow large; nostrils lateral, ami 

 nearly central ; legs short, placed very far back ; tarsus 

 rounded ; toes united by a lobed membrane ; hallux smooth ; 

 tail very broad. 



Phalaroput Hyperboreus. Hyperborean Phalarope. PI. 72, 

 f. 62. Bill long, straight, slender, weak, depressed at the base, 

 mandibles channelled to the point; tip of the upper bent down 

 ou the lower, obtuse, point of the lower one subulate ; nostrils 

 basal, lateral, ova), prominent, surrounded by a membrane, legs 

 medium-sized, slender, tarsus compressed; toes connected to 

 the first joint, from whence they are provided with scolloped 

 serrated membranes-; hallux destitute of a membrane. 



Podiceps cornutut. Horned Grebe. PI. 72, f. 18. Bill me- 

 dium-sized, straight, compressed, hard, in the form of an elon- 

 gated, acuminated cone; upper mandible slightly inclined at 

 the point ; nostrils lateral, concave, oblong, closed behind by a 

 membrane ; legs long, open in front, pervious, placed far back- 

 wards ; tarsus greatly compressed ; toes much flattened, pro- 

 vided with a simple lobe ; hind toe compressed and scolloped ; 

 claws broad, very flat; wings short, destitute of a tail. 

 P. criitatus. Crested Grebe, pi. 71, f. 24. 



ORDER XV. PALMIPEDES. 



Bill variously formed; legs short, placed more or less back- 

 wards; anterior toes wholly or partially connected by webs; 

 in some families all the toes are united by one membrane ; 

 hallux articulated interiorly to the tarsus, or wanting in some 

 genera. 



Cereopsis cinereus. New Holland Cereopsis. PI. 72, f. 1C. 

 Bill very short, strong, depth at the base nearly equal to its 

 length, covered by a cere, prolonged towards the point, which 

 is arcuated and truncated ; nostrils open, placed in the middle 

 of the bill ; tarsus longer thau the middle toe ; toes pal mated, 

 with deeply notched membranes ; haliux long, articulated to the 

 tarsus ; claw thick, strong ; wing coverts nearly as loug as the 



Chionis necrophagus. White Sheathbil). PI. 71, f. 44. Bill 

 strong, conico-convex, compressed, inclining towards the 

 point, hard; base of the upper mandible covered by a movable 

 corneous sheath, with longitudinal furrows ; nostrils marginal, 

 placed in the middle of the bill, on the edge of the corneous 

 substance ; naked part of the tibia small ; middle and exterior 

 toes semipalmated, anterior one united only at the base, all 

 provided with a rudimentary border ; wings tuberculated. 



nynchopsflavirostris. Yellow-billed Skimmer. PI. 71, f. 33. 

 Bill long, straight, compressed into a blade-like form, trun- 

 cated at the apex; upper mandible much shorter than the un- 

 der one ; nostrils remote from the base, lateral and marginal . 

 tarsus slender, longer than the middle toe ; toes united by a 

 membrane ; hallux articulated to the tarsus ; tail bifurcated, 

 shorter than the wings. 



Sterna minuta. Lesser Tern. PI. 71, f. 32. Bill as long, or 

 longer than the head, nearly straight, compressed, slender, 

 edged and acuminate ; mandibles of equal length, upper 

 slightly inclining towards the tip ; nostrils placed in the middle 

 of the bill, longitudinally cleft, pervious; legs small, naked 

 above the knee ; tarsus very short, toes connected by a mem- 

 brane, hallux detached ; wings very long and pointed ; tail 

 somewhat forked. 



Lai-us glauca. Burgomaster Gull. PI. 71, f. 40. Bill long, 

 or medium-sized, strong, hard, compressed, edged, bent towards 

 the point ; lower mandible- angulated near the tip ; nostrils 

 lateral, situate in the middle of the bill, longitudinal, straight, 

 pervious ; legs slender, naked above the knee, tarsus long, toes 

 webbed to the tips ; hallux free, short, articulated high on tlui 

 tarsus; wings long; tail equal. 



Lettris Richardsonii. Richardson's Skua. PI. 71, f. 43. Bill 

 medium-sized, cylindrical, strong, hard, sharp-edged, com- 

 pressed, hooked at the point ; upper mandible covered with a 

 :ere as far as the horny tip, the lower angulated ; nostrils placed 

 immediately behind the horny tip or dertrum, diagonal, narrow, 

 pervious, closed behind ; legs slender, naked above the knees ; 

 tarsus long ; toes completely webbed, hallux very small, and on 

 a level with the toes ; claws large, greatly hooked, tail slightly 

 rounded, central feathers elongated. 



Procellaria obscura. Diving Petrel-Puffin. PI. 72, f. 24. Bill 

 as long, or longer than the head, edged, very hard, base dilated ; 

 point'compressed, arcuated, channelled, abruptly inflected to- 

 wards the point ; nostrils prominent at the surface of the bill, 

 united and concealed by a tube, presenting either a double or 

 single aperture ; legs medium-sized, frequently long, slender, 

 with the tarsus compressed ; toes long, entirely webbed, hallux 

 represented by an acuminate claw ; wings long. 



