ROME (MODERN CITY). 



11 



richly ornamented; the chapel of Paul V., adorned 

 with marble and precious stones; the chapel of 

 Sforza, by Michael Angelo; and the sepulchres of 

 Guglielmo della Porta and Algardi. In the square 

 before the front is a Corinthian column, which is 

 considered a master-piece of its kind. The 

 largest church in Rome next to St Peter's was 

 the Basilica di San Paolo delle Mura, on the road 

 to Ostia, burnt a few years since. (See Paul, 

 Churches of Sf). The church of S. Lorenzo, 

 without the city, possesses some rare monuments 

 of antiquity. The church of San Pietro in Vin- 

 cola contains the celebrated statue of Moses, by 

 Michael Angelo. The church of St Agnes, in the 

 place Navona, begun by Rainaldi and completed 

 by Borromini, is one of the most highly orna- 

 mented, particularly with modern sculpture. 

 Here is the admirable relief of Algardi, represent- 

 ing St Agnes deprived of her clothes, and covered 

 only with her hair. The Basilica of St Sebastian, 

 before the Porta Capena, contains the statue of 

 the dying saint, by Giorgetti, a pupil of Algardi, 

 and the master of Bernini. Under these churches 

 are the catacombs, which formerly served as places 

 of burial. In the church of St Agnes, before the 

 Porta Pia, among many other beautiful columns, 

 are four of porphyry, belonging to the high altar, 

 mid considered the most beautiful in Rome. In 

 a small chapel is a bust of the Saviour by Michael 

 Angelo, a masterpiece. In the church of St 

 Augustine, there is a picture by Raphael, repre- 

 senting the prophet Isaiah, and an Ascension, by 

 Lanfranco. The monastery has a rich library, 

 called the Angelica, and increased by the library 

 of cardinal Passionei. The following churches 

 also deserve to be mentioned, on account of their 

 architecture and works of art; the churches of 

 St Ignatius, St Cecilia, S. Andrea della Valle, S. 

 Andrea del Noviziato, the Pantheon (also called 

 la Rotonda), in which Raphael, Annibal Caracci, 

 Mengs, Sec., are interred. All the 364 churches 

 of Rome contain monuments of art or antiquity. 

 Among the palaces, the principal is the Vatican, 

 an immense pile, in which the most valuable 

 monuments of antiquity, and the works of the 

 greatest modern masters, are preserved. Here 

 are the museum Pio-Clementinum, established by 

 Clement XIV., and enlarged by Pius VI., and 

 the celebrated library of the Vatican. The trea- 

 sures carried away by the French have been 

 restored. Among the paintings of this palace, 

 the most beautiful are Raphael's frescoes in the 

 stanze and the logge. The principal oil paintings 

 are in the appartamento Borgia, which also con- 

 tains the Transfiguration, by Raphael. In the 

 Sixtine chapel is the Last Judgment of Michael 

 Angelo. The popes have chosen the palace of 

 Monte Cavallo, or the Quirinal palace, with its 

 extensive and beautiful gardens, for their usual 

 residence, on account of its healthy air and fine 

 prospect. The Lateran palace, which Sixtus V. 

 had rebuilt, by Fontana, was changed, in 1693, 

 into an alms-house. Besides these, the following 

 are celebrated: the palace della Cancelleria, the 

 palace de' Conscrvatori, the palace of St Mark, 

 the buildings of the academy, &c. Among the 

 private palaces, the Barberini is the largest; it 

 was built by Bernini, in a beautiful style. Here 

 are the Magdalen of Guido, one of the finest 

 works of Caravaggio, the paintings of the great 

 hall, a masterpiece of Peter of Cortona, and other 

 valuable paintings. Of the works of sculpture, 



the Sleeping Fawn, now in Munich, was formerly 

 here; the masterly group representing Atalante 

 and Meleager, a Juno, a sick Satyr, by Bernini, 

 the bust of cardinal Barberini, by the same artist, 

 and the busts of Marius, Sylla, and Scipio Afri- 

 canus, are in this palace. The library is calcu- 

 lated to contain 60,000 printed books and 9000 

 manuscripts; a cabinet of medals, bronzes, and 

 precious stones, is also connected with the library. 

 The Borghese palace, erected by Bramante, is 

 extensive, and in a beautiful style ; the colonnade 

 of the court is splendid. This palace contains a 

 large collection of paintings, rare works of sculp- 

 ture, valuable tables, and utensils of rich work- 

 manship, of red porphyry, alabaster, and other 

 materials. The upper hall is unrivalled; the 

 great landscapes of Vernet, with which it is 

 adorned, are so true to nature, that, upon enter- 

 ing, one imagines himself transported into real 

 scenes. The palace Albani, the situation of 

 which is remarkably fine, possesses a "valuable 

 library, a great number of paintings, and a collec 

 tion of designs by Caracci, Polydoro, Lanfranco, 

 Spagnoletto, Cignani, and others. The palace 

 Altieri, one of the largest in Rome, is in a simple 

 style of architecture, and contains rare manu- 

 scripts, medals, paintings, &c., and valuable furni- 

 ture. In the palace Colonna there is a rich col- 

 lection of paintings by the first masters; all the 

 rooms are decorated with them, and particularly 

 the gallery, which is one of the finest in Europe. 

 In the gardens are ruins of the baths of Con- 

 stantine and those of the temple of Sol. The 

 Aldobrandini palace contains the finest monu- 

 ment of ancient painting the Aldobrandine 

 Wedding, a fresco purchased by Pius VII., in 

 1818, in which the design is admirable. The 

 great Farnese palace, begun from designs of San.- 

 gallo, and completed under the direction of Michael 

 Angelo, is celebrated both for its beauty and its 

 treasures of art. The Caracci and Domenichino 

 have immortalized themselves by their frescoes in 

 its gallery. The Farnese Hercules, the masterly 

 Flora, and the urn of Caecilia Metella, formerly 

 adorned the court; and in the palace itself was 

 the beautiful group of the Farnese bull. But 

 when the king of Naples inherited the Farnese 

 estate, these statues, with other works of art. 

 were carried to Naples, where they now adorn 

 the palace degli Studj. Not far off is the paiace 

 Corsini, where queen Christina lived and died in 

 1689. It contains a valuable library and gallery. 

 The palace Giustiniani also had a gallery adorned 

 with numerous valuable statues and works of 

 sculpture; its principal ornaments were the cele- 

 brated statue of Minerva, the finest of that god- 

 dess now known, and the bass-relief of Amalthea 

 suckling Jupiter. These treasures were nomi- 

 nally bought by Napoleon, and are now in Paris. 

 The paintings are chiefly in the possession of the 

 king of Prussia. In the palace Spada is the 

 statue of Pompey, at the foot of which Casar 

 fell under the daggers of his murderers. We 

 have yet to mention the palace Costaguti, on ac- 

 count of its fine frescoes; Chigi, for its beautiful 

 architecture, its paintings, and library; Mattei, 

 for its numerous statues, reliefs, and ancient 

 inscriptions; the palace of Pamfili, built by Bor- 

 romini, for its splendid paintings and internal 

 magnificence; that of Pamfili in the square of 

 Navona, with a library and gallery; Rospigliosi, 

 upon the Quirinal hill, &c. Among the palaces 



