12 



ROME (MODERN CITY). 



of Rome, which bear the name of villas, is the 

 Villa Medici, on the Pincian mount, on which 

 were formerly situated the splendid gardens of 

 Lucullus: it once contained a vast number of 

 masterpieces of every kind; but the grand-dukes 

 Leopold and Ferdinand have removed the finest 

 works (among them, the group of Niobe by 

 Scopas) to Florence. This palace, however, is 

 yet very worthy of being visited. Under the 

 portico of the Villa Negroni are the two fine 

 statues of Sylla and Marius, seated on the sella 

 curulis. In the extensive garden, which is three 

 miles in circuit, some beautiful fresco paintings 

 have been found in the ruins of some of the 

 houses. The Villa Mattel, on the Coelian mount, 

 contains a splendid collection of statues. The 

 Villa Ludovisi, on the Pincian mount, not far 

 from the ruins of the circus and the gardens of 

 Sallust, is one and a half miles in circuit, and con- 

 tains valuable monuments of art, particularly the 

 Aurora of Guercino, an ancient group of the 

 senator Papirius and his mother (or rather of 

 Phaedra and Hippolytus), another of Arria and | 

 Psetus, and Bernini's rape of Proserpine. The 1 

 Villa Borghese, near Rome, has a fine, but an un- 

 healthy situation. The greatest part of the city, 

 and the environs as far as Frascati and Tivoli, 

 are visible from it. It has a garden, with a park 

 three miles in circuit. This palace was orna- 

 mented in its interior, and furnished with so much 

 richness and elegance, that it might have been 

 considered the first edifice in Rome, next to the 

 capitol, particularly for its fine collection of 

 statues. The most remarkable among them were 

 the Fighting Gladiator; Silenus and a Faun; Se- 

 neca, in black marble, or rather a slave at the 

 baths; Camilius; the Hermaphrodite; the Cen- 

 taur and Cupid; two Fauns playing on the flute; 

 Ceres; an ^Egyptian; a statue of the younger 

 Nero; the busts of Lucius Verus, Alexander, 

 Faustina, and Verus; various relievoes, among 

 which was one representing Curtius; an urn, on 

 which were represented the festival of Bacchus; 

 another supported by the Graces; two horns of 

 plenty, &c. The greatest part of these has not 

 been restored from Paris. The exterior is orna- 

 mented with ancient reliefs. The Villa Pamfili, 

 before the Porta di San Pancrazio, also called 

 Belrespiro, has an agreeable situation, and is 

 seven miles in circumference. The architecture 

 is by Algardi, but has been censured by connois- 

 seurs. In the interior there are some fine speci- 

 mens of sculpture. Full descriptions of this and 

 and of the Villa Borghese have been published. 

 The Villa Albani, upon an eminence which com- 

 mands Tivilo and the Sabina, is a temple of taste 

 and splendour. The cardinal Alexander Albani ex- 

 pended immense sums upon it, and, during the 

 space of fifty years, collected a splendid cabinet. 

 The ceiling of the gallery was painted by Mengs, 

 and is a model of elegance. The Villa Lante 

 and the Villa Corsini deserve to be mentioned on 

 account of their fine prospects. The Villa Doria 

 (formerly Algiati), in which Raphael lived, con- 

 tains three frescoe paintings of this great master. 

 The Villa Farnese contains the remains of the 

 palace of the Roman emperors. The capitol con- 

 tains so many and such magnificent objects of 

 every description, that it is impossible to enumer- 

 ate them here. We must be satisfied with men- 

 tioning the equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, 

 before the palace ; the Captive Kings, in the 



court; the columna rostrata; and within, the co- 

 lossal statue of Pyrrhus, the tomb of Severus; 

 the Centaurs, of basalt; the beautiful alabaster 

 pillars; the masterpiece in mosaic, which once be- 

 longed to cardinal Furietti, representing three 

 doves on the edge of a vessel filled with water, 

 which is described by Pliny. The fountains are 

 among the principal ornaments of the squares in 

 Rome. The fountain in the Piazza Navona, the 

 most splendid of them all, has been particularly 

 admired; it is surmounted by an obelisk, and orna- 

 mented by four colossal statues, which represent 

 the four principal rivers in the world. The foun- 

 tain of Paul V., near the church di San Pietro in 

 Montorio, is in bad taste, but furnishes such a 

 body of water, that several mills are carried by it. 

 The fountain di Termini is adorned with three 

 reliefs, representing Moses striking water from 

 the rock, and with a colossal statue of that pro- 

 phet, with two ^Egyptian lions in basalt. The 

 splendid fountain of Trevi supplies the best water, 

 which it receives through an ancient aqueduct. 

 Among the streets, the Strada Felice and the 

 Strada Pia, which cross each other, are the most 

 remarkable ; among the bridges, that of St Angelo 

 (formerly Pons JEliusX 300 feet in length; and, 

 among the gates, the Porta del Popolo (formerly 

 Porta Flaminia). Of ancient monuments, the 

 following yet remain: the Pantheon, the Coli- 

 seum, the column of Trajan, that of Antonine, 

 the amphitheatre of Vespasian; the mausoleum of 

 Augustus, the mausoleum of Adrian (now the for- 

 tress of St Angelo) ; the triumphal arches of Sev- 

 erus, Titus, Constantine, Janus, Nero and Drusus; 

 the ruins of the temple of Jupiter Stator, of Jupi- 

 ter Tonans, of Concordia, of Pax, of Antoninus 

 and Faustina, of the sun and moon, of Romulus, 

 of Romulus and Remus, of Pallas, of Fortuna 

 Virilis, of Fortuna Muliebris, of Virtue, of Bac- 

 chus, of Vesta, of Minerva Medica, and of Venus and 

 Cupid ; the remains of the baths of Dioclesian, of Car- 

 acallaand Titus, &c. ; the ruins of the theatre of Pom- 

 pey, near the Curia Pompeii, where Caesar was mur- 

 dered, and those of the theatre of Marcellus; the 

 ruins of the old forum (now called Campo Vac- 

 cino) ; the remains of the old bridges ; the circus 

 maximus; the circus of Caracalla; the house of 

 Cicero; the Curia Hostilia; the trophies of Marius; 

 the portico of Philip and Octavius; the country 

 house and tower of Maecenas; the Claudian aque- 

 duct; the monuments of the family of Aruns, of 

 the Scipios, of MeteHa (called Capo di Bove) ; 

 the prison of Jugurtha (Carcere Mamertino), in 

 which St Peter was imprisoned; the monument of 

 Caius Cestius, which is entirely uninjured, in form 

 of a pyramid, near which the Protestants are 

 buried ; the Cloaca Maxima, built by Tarquin, &c. 

 Besides the obelisk near the Porta del Popolo, 

 that raised in the pontificate of Pius VI., on mount 

 Cavallo, is deserving of notice. The principal 

 collections of literature and the arts have already 

 been noticed; but the Museo Kircheliano deserves 

 to be particularly mentioned: there are, besides, 

 many private collections and monastic libraries, 

 which contain many valuable works. Such treasures, 

 especially in the arts, make Rome the great school of 

 painters, statuaries and architects, and a place of 

 pilgrimage to all lovers of the arts ; and there are here 

 innumerable studj of painting and sculpture. Roman 

 art seems to have received a new impulse. The 

 academy of San Luca was established solely for 

 the art of painting ; and there are also many liter- 



