S MNT l'F, AIR SA1NTONCK. 



three hundred and ten south of Charleston; Lit. 

 \.. Ion. SI" 40' W. The town is built on 

 peninsula, is of an oblong form, and consists of 

 four principal streets. The houses arc built of 

 stones formed by the accretion of shells, from the 

 island of Anastasia. near the town. A fort, twenty 

 feet high, with walls twelve feet thick, and mount- 

 ing thirty-six gnus, defends the town. In 1821, 

 when Florida was ceded to the United States, St 

 Augustine contained about 2500 inhabitants ; and 

 it has not increased. The appearance of this city 

 indicates decay, and the country around it is too 

 low and unhealthy to sustain it. 



SAINT CLAIR; a river of America, which 

 flows from lake Huron into lake St Clair. It is 

 about forty miles long, one mile wide, transparent, of 

 easy navigation, and is a pleasant and noble stream. 

 Fort St Clair is situated at the upper end of this 

 river. 



SAINT CLAlR; a lake situated between lake 

 Huron and lake Erie, and connected with both. It 

 is about ninety miles in circumference, and has 

 several fine islands. Its waters are remarkably 

 transparent. Lat. 42 52' N. ; Ion. 82* 25' W. 



SAINT CYR. See Cyr. 



SAINT DOMINGO. See Hayti. 



SAINT ELIAS ; a mountain on the western 

 coast of North America, situated about twenty- 

 five miles from the Pacific ocean, in lat. 60 27' N., 

 Ion. 148 51' W. It rises 17,850 feet above the 

 ocean, and stands so separate from other mountains 

 as to be a very important landmark. Its top is 

 always covered with snow. This is the most ele- 

 vated summit of what is sometimes called the Cor- 

 dillera of New Norfolk, and is one of the highest 

 mountains in North America. 



SAINT EVREMOND. See Evremond. 



SAINT FRANCIS; a river which rises in Mis- 

 souri, and flows into the Mississippi in Arkansas, 

 lat. 34 45' N. It is a large river, and was for- 

 merly navigable 300 miles for large keel boats; 

 but the earthquakes of 1811 12 raised its channel 

 so much, and so irregularly, as to cause the waters 

 to overflow the banks, and form a vast number of 

 lakes and irreclaimable swamps along its former 

 course. At high water, this river is still navigable 

 about 200 miles; and there are several considerable 

 settlements about seventy miles from its mouth. 

 A great deal of land on its banks is fertile; its 

 waters abound with excellent fish ; and the forests 

 through which it flows afford abundance of the finest 

 game. 



SAINT GALL (in German, Sanct Gallen); a 

 canton of Switzerland, in the north-west part of 

 the confederacy, bounded north by the lake Con- 

 stance, east by Tyrol, south by the cantons of 

 Schweitz and Glarus, and west by that of Thurgau ; 

 square miles, 2100; population, 140,000, of whom 

 rather more than one half are Catholics. The 

 manufactures of this canton, principally of linen 

 And muslins, are extensive, and furnish the chief 

 occupation of the inhabitants. St Gall is formed 

 from the estates of the rich Benedictine monastery 

 of the same name, which were secularized by the 

 French, and was admitted into the confederacy in 

 1803. The constitution is aristocratical, the 

 government being conducted by a great council of 

 one hundred and fifty members, and an executive 

 council of thirteen,,, composed of members of the 

 former. The canton sends a member to the federal 

 diet. In 1830, St Gall was the theatre of revolu- 

 tionary movements, which were quieted by season- 



able concessions. (See >'//:<,///</.) The cap ; tal. 

 St (iall, with a population of 9000, is distinguished 

 by the manufacturing and commercial activity of 

 the inhabitants. It contains the old Benedictine 

 abbey, has two libraries rich in manuscripts, and 

 some learned societies. 



SAINT GERMAIN. See Germain 



SAINT JOHN. See Bolinybroke. 



SAINT JOHN'S BREAD, OR CAROB-TREE 

 (ceratonia siliqua); & middling sized tree, with tor- 

 tuous branches, which grows wild in the countries 

 about the Mediterranean, and particularly abounds 

 in Barbary and Egypt. It belongs to the legu- 

 minosa:, and is allied to the locust. The flowers 

 are dioecious, small, inconspicuous, and disposed in 

 spikes; they are succeeded by long, indehiscent, 

 thick pods, pulpy internally, and divided by several 

 transverse partitions. The Moors make great use 

 of the pods as an article of food, and they have a 

 sweetish and very agreeable flavour. It is the only 

 species of the genus. 



SAINT JOHN'S WORT (hypericum perfora- 

 tum~). The stem of this plant is straight, one or 

 two feet high, bearing oblong and obtuse leaves, 

 with semi-transparent dots. The flowers are in a 

 terminal corymb, and of a bright yellow colour. It 

 formerly enjoyed a high repute for medicinal pur- 

 poses, but is now entirely out of use. The flowers 

 communicate a fine purple colour to spirits and oils ; 

 and the dried plant, boiled with alum, dyes wool 

 yellow. It formerly enjoyed much celebrity among 

 the superstitious, as a charm against witchcraft, 

 &c. 



SAINT LOUIS. See Louis, St. 



SAINT MARIA DE PUERTO PRINCIPE; 

 a city of Cuba, capital of the department of the 

 Centre, on the northern coast of the island, 300 

 miles south-east of Havana. It has a good harbour, 

 and contains several hospitals. The population of 

 the city and precincts is 49,0 12, consisting of 32,996 

 whites, 6165 free persons of colour, and 9851 

 slaves. Lat. 21 20' N.; Ion. 77 45' W. 



SAINT PIERRE. See Pierre, Saint. 



SAINT REAL, CESAR VICHARD, ABBE DE; a 

 historian, born at Chamberry in 1639, studied wiih 

 the Jesuits at Paris, where his talents and learning 

 gained him friends. He accompanied the duchess 

 of Mazarin to England, and afterwards resided again 

 in Paris, assuming the title of abbe, although with- 

 out having any benefice. His writings involved 

 him in a controversy with Arnaud, who accused him 

 of Socinianism. He died in 1692. His principal 

 works are his Discours sur la Valeur ; his Sept 

 Discours sur I' Usage de I'Histoire; and his His- 

 toire de la Conjuration des Espagnols contre la lic- 

 publique de Venise, which partakes of the romantic, 

 and is by no means equal, in point of style, to his 

 model, Sallust. His Don Carlos is well written, 

 but is likewise of a romantic character: his trans- 

 lation of Cicero's letters to Atticus is of less 

 merit. A complete edition of his works was edited 

 by Perau in 1757 (8 vols., 12mo.). 



SAINT SALVADOR. See Bahia. 



SAINT SALVADOR. See Cat Island. 



SAINT SEBASTIAN. See Sebastian, San. 

 and Rio Janeiro. 



SAINT SIMON. See Simon, St. 



SAINT THOMAS, CHRISTIANS OF. See Chris 

 lians of St Thomas. 



SA1NTONGE; formerly a province in the west 

 of France, bounded by the Atlantic, I'oitou, 

 Guicnne, and Angoumois. It belonged to the 



