78 



SALII SALISBURY. 



JM Pussione ili G, *- r Y/-/O, La $rm>Li </<t G,'lsi, 

 La Cijfra, Pnlmira (17S>J), Armidn, Scminimida, 

 the Fair of Venice, &c. Ho composed thirty-nine 

 operas, partly German, partly Italian. His death 

 took place, May 7. lS-_'.">. Hummel, Moscheles, and 

 others, are his pupils. See Mosel, On the Life and 

 Works ofSulieri (in Gorman, Vienna, 1827.) 



SALII ; priests of Mars, whose name is derived 

 from satire (to leap, to dance). Numa fixed their 

 number at twelve; Tullus Hostilius increased it. 

 Their origin is thus accounted for by the Romans : 

 In tin 1 time of Numa, Rome was desolated by a 

 pe>tilence, which ceased when the gods let fall from 

 heaven the ancile (a shield of a peculiar form). The 

 soothsayers declared that this shield was the sign of 

 the perpetuity of the Roman power, and advised 

 that eleven others should be made similar to it, so 

 that the true ancile could not be so easily purloined. 

 This advice was followed, and all the ancilia were 

 deposited in the curia. On the first of March every 

 year, when the Salii offered sacrifices to Mars, they 

 carried them about the city, clashing them together, 

 executing warlike dances, and singing the Salian 

 hymns ancient songs in praise of Mars and the 

 other gods, and of distinguished men, particularly of 

 Maimirius, who made the eleven shields. The dress 

 of the Salii was a purple tunic, embroidered with 

 gold, and bound with a brazen belt, and a toga, with 

 a purple border. On their head they wore a high 

 cap, in the form of a cone, with a sword by their 

 side, a spear or rod in their right hand, and an an- 

 cile in their left. None but patrician youths, whose 

 parents were alive, could be admitted among the 

 Salii. 



S ALINA ; a post-township of Onondaga county, 

 New York, 130 miles west of Albany. It includes 

 Onondaga lake, and the principal salt springs in the 

 state. The water of the lake is salt : and wells 

 dug on its margin, and springs flowing into it, are 

 also salt. Very extensive salt works have been 

 established for several years. From sixteen to 

 twenty-five ounces of salt are obtained from a gal- 

 lon of water. Besides the muriate of soda, small 

 portions of the muriate of lime, sulphate of lime, 

 oxide of iron, and Epsom salts, are contained in the 

 water ; but these are easily separated. More than 

 half a million of bushels of salt are annually pro- 

 duced, and these waters are doubtless capable of 

 yielding a very much greater quantity. The outlet of 

 Onondaga lake communicates with Seneca river, 

 through which is opened an extensive boat naviga- 

 tion. The Erie canal passes through the south part 

 of Salina, and a side cut connects it with the vil- 

 lage. There are four considerable villages in the 

 township Salina, Liverpool, Syracuse, and Ged- 

 des. The whole contained, in 1830, 6920 inha- 

 bitants. 



SALINE ; a river of Illinois, which flows into 

 the Ohio, about twenty-six miles below the Wa- 

 bash. It is navigable for boats thirty miles. The 

 United states have extensive salt works on this 

 river. 



SALISBURY, earl of. See Cecil. 



SALISBURY, oa NEW SARUM; an ancient 

 city of England, the capital of Wiltshire, is situated 

 in a valley between the rivers Avon and Bourne, 

 eighty-two miles S. W. by W. from London. The 

 principal streets are regularly arranged and crossed 

 by others, forming a number of quadrangles called 

 checkers, enclosing areas, laid out in gardens and 

 encompassed by houses. Some of the buildings are 

 antiquated, with gabled fronts of timber-work and 



plaster; but the houses in general arc well built of 

 brick, in a modern style. The city is connected 

 with the suburb of East Ilarnham.'by an ancient 

 bridge often arches, on which was formerly a cha- 

 pel dedicated to St John ; and there are two stone 

 bridges of six arches, which form a communication 

 with the suburb of Fishcrton Anger. Salisbury 

 was founded in the beginning of the thirteenth cen- 

 tury, in consequence of the ecclesiastical establish- 

 ment of the see of Sarum, an ancient city about two 

 miles distant, having been transferred hither by the 

 Bishop, Richard le Poor, who adopted this measure 

 partly to put an end to the inveterate quarrels be- 

 tween his clergy and the garrison of the royal castle 

 of Sarum, and partly in consequence of the great 

 scarcity of water in the old city, which probably was 

 the cause of its being ultimately entirely deserted 

 by the inhabitants. Its name is obviously an alter- 

 ation, for the sake of euphony, of Sarisbury (Sor- 

 biodunum), an appellation of the ancient city. 

 About 1219 were laid the foundations of the pre- 

 sent cathedral church, which is one of the finest in 

 Europe. The whole building may be viewed as 

 composed of the church, the tower, and spire, the 

 cloister and the chapter-house. The church consists 

 of a nave, with two lateral aisles, a bold and lofty 

 porch projecting on the north side, a large transept 

 with an eastern aisle, a choir with lateral aisles, and 

 a second or small transept with an aisle, a Lady cha- 

 pel at the east end with an intermediate vesftbule, 

 or double aisle terminating the choir. On the south 

 side of the church are a cloister, chapter-house, 

 consistory court, and a vestry. The tower, which 

 is built on four massive pillars in the centre of the 

 church, is surmounted by a spire, rising to the 

 height of 400 feet. The bishop's palace is a large 

 irregular building, the work of different periods, the 

 earliest parts being of the same age as the cathe- 

 dral. The college of matrons, for the widows of 

 clergymen, erected by bishop Ward, is a regular 

 building, with small but commodious gardens. There 

 are three parish churches in the city. In Catholic 

 times, Salisbury contained a great variety of religi- 

 ous establishments, the remains of a few of which 

 may be traced ; and the hospital of St Nicholas con- 

 tinues still to maintain a master and twelve poor 

 persons. There are several other hospitals in the 

 city. Salisbury is noted for its manufacture ol 

 cutlery. Formerly it was also remarkable for its 

 manufacture of woollens ; but that branch of trade 

 is now nearly extinct. Population in 1841, 10,086. 

 Salisbury Plain extends from Salisbury twenty- 

 five miles east to Winchester, and twenty-eight 

 west to Weymouth. Its breadth in some places is 

 near thirty miles. Numerous flocks of sheep are 

 fed here. The famous Stonehenge, and other anti- 

 quities, both British and Roman, are found in this 

 plain. Stonehenge, about six miles north of Salis- 

 bury, consists of a great collection of stones of im- 

 mense size, which, from their being some erect, some 

 reclining, but most of them lying upon the ground, 

 seem to have formed at one time an extensive build- 

 ing. They form a perfect ruin, a confused heap of 

 standing and fallen stones, many of them squared 

 and hewn by art. By comparing their relative 

 situations, the shape and dimensions of the original 

 structure can still be traced, which is supposed to 

 have been a Druidieal temple of enormous size. It 

 is an object of great interest to the antiquary, and 

 has excited more inquiry and speculation than any 

 other ruin of the kind in Great Britain. But 

 no important discoveries have been made within it- 



