SCHENECTADV SCHILLER. 



117 



The course of education is completed in three years. 

 The greatest amount of gold was produced in the 

 year 1G90, which yielded 1872 marks, or 132,428 

 <lucats. The value of the gold and silver obtained 

 from 1740 to 1773, was thirty million dollars. 



SCHENECTADY ; a city of New York, on the 

 south-east side of the Mohawk, fifteen and a half 

 miles from Albany. It is regularly laid out in 

 streets and squares. The Erie canal passes through 

 it; and it contains the county buildings, the build- 

 ings of Union college, and the usual variety of 

 dwelling houses, school houses, houses of worship, 

 shops, and offices. Population in 1830, 4256. 

 Union college, in this city, was incorporated in 

 1794. The whole number of alumni in 1831 was 

 1373. 



SCHERZO (an Italian word signifying joke, 

 jesf), in music; generally applied to a passage of a 

 sportive character in musical pieces of some length; 

 e. g., to symphonies, quartettes, &c. Beethoven j 

 has made it a common part of the symphony, and 

 it has taken the place of the minuet, (q. v.) 



SCHIAVONE, ANDREA, an eminent painter of 

 the Venetian school, whose true name was Medola, 

 his surname (the Sclavonian) being derived from 

 his birth place, was born at Sebenico, in Dalmatia, 

 in 1522. His parents, who were in humble cir- 

 cumstances, placed him with a house-painter, at 

 Venice, where, at his leisure hours, he studied the 

 works of Parmegiano, Giorgione, and Titian. The 

 latter took him under his care, and soon after em- 

 ployed him in the library of St Mark, where he is 

 said to have painted three entire ceilings. He was 

 accounted one of the finest colourists of the Vene- 

 tian school. Two of his compositions are in the 

 church of the Padri Teatini, at Rimini, representing 

 the nativity and the assumption of the Virgin. His 

 Perseus and Andromeda, and the Apostles at the 

 Sepulchre, are in the royal collection at Windsor. 

 He died at Venice in 1582. 



SCHICHT, JOHN GOTTFRIED, one of the most 

 scientific musicians and composers of sacred music, 

 was born in 1753, near Zittau, in Saxony, and was 

 the son of a poor weaver. In 1776, he went to 

 the university of Leipsic to study law, but soon 

 devoted himself entirely to music. In 1810, he 

 was appointed to superintend the music in the two 

 chief churches at Leipsic. He studied the theory 

 of music with great zeal and success, and composed 

 several beautiful pieces. Among his numerous 

 works is his universal hymn-book, which contains 

 1285 melodies, including 306 of his own publica- 

 tion, by Hiirtel, at Leipsic. Several of his compo- 

 sitions are celebrated. He died in 1823. 



SCHILL, FERDINAND VON, a Prussian cavalry 

 officer, who distinguished himself by his daring 

 expedition against the French, was born in 1773, 

 in Silesia. He was wounded in the battle of Auer- 

 stadt, and took refuge in Colberg, where he essen- 

 tially contributed to save this fortress the only 

 Prussian one which, in 1806 and 1807, escaped 

 capture. He collected more than 1000 fugitives, 

 and performed the boldest exploits; to reward 

 which, the king made him a major, after the peace 

 of Tilsit. His entry into Berlin, the next year, 

 resembled a triumph: the inhabitants considered it 

 an honour to quarter his soldiers in their iouses. 

 Schill burned to meet the French in the field. In 

 1809, when the Tyrolese rose (see Hofer~), Dorn- 

 berg laboured to excite an insurrection in Hessia; 

 and Schill was secretly instigated (not by the 

 king, nor the government") to rise. He marched, 



April 28, with his regiment, out of Berlin, as he 

 had done on many previous days, for the purpose 

 of exercise. But this time he did not return. 

 He marched towards the Elbe. Here he found 

 that he had mistaken the disposition of the Saxons. 

 In Halle, he was informed of Napoleon's decisive 

 victories at Tann, Abensberg, Eckmiihl, and Ratis- 

 bon. Dbrnberg's insurrection had miscarried. Schill 

 called his officers together, and they agreed to pro- 

 ceed in their enterprise. May 5, he fought at 

 Dodendorf with the Westphalians. He strove to 

 reach East Frie&land. Ten thousand francs were 

 offered for his head, by the king of Westphalia. 

 He now tried to reach the Baltic, probably to 

 obtain support from the British. After some con- 

 flicts, he took Stralsund, and fortified it in haste. 

 May 31, Stralsund was taken by Dutch troops, 

 after a desperate defence. Schill himself fell, with 

 many of his brave followers, fighting for a long 

 time in the streets. Twelve officers were taken 

 here and at Dodendorf, and shot at Wesel: the 

 men were sent to the French galleys. A part of 

 his troops forced their way into the open country, 

 and compelled the enemy to allow them a free 

 passage to the Prussian frontier, where a Prussian 

 court-martial broke the officers, and sent them to 

 a fortress. Though Schill's enterprise miscarried, 

 it had an electrifying effect on the Prussians. 



SCHILLER, JOHN CHRISTOPHER FREDERIC 

 VON, was born November 10, 1759, at Marbach, a 

 town of Wiirtemberg, on the Neckar. His father, 

 originally a surgeon in the army, was afterwards a 

 captain, and finally superintendent of a nursery of 

 trees attached to a castle of the duke of Wiir- 

 temberg. His parents were pious and upright; 

 and if his early education did not afford much op- 

 portunity for the development of his genius, by 

 intercourse with men of talents, or by a wide field 

 of observation, it was eminently calculated to 

 awaken that sensibility to the good and the true, 

 which forms so essential a trait in his character ; 

 and his early acquaintance with the Bible, making 

 him familiar with the poetical passages of the Old 

 Testament, contributed to develope his poetical 

 genius. The visions of Ezekiel early excited a 

 great interest in him. When a child, he always 

 manifested an affectionate disposition, and was 

 devotedly attached to his parents, and his sister. 

 He loved, at a very early period, to repeat the 

 sermon which he had heard at church on Sunday. 

 He would stand on a chair and preach with great 

 zeal, never omitting the divisions which the minister 

 had made in his discourse. His charitable disposi- 

 tion manifested itself early, and never left him. 

 For a long time, he wished to study theology ; al- 

 though a brilliant tragedy, which he had seen per- 

 formed on the stage at Stuttgard when he was nine 

 years old, strongly attracted his attention towards 

 the drama. His first poem is said to have been 

 written the day before his confirmation, in 1772. 

 He had, till this time, received instruction at a 

 good Latin school, in order to prepare himself for 

 the university, as his father strove to procure for 

 him the benefits of a good education, though his 

 own had been neglected. At this time, Charles, 

 duke of Wiirtemberg, having become weary of 

 parade and dissipation, turned his thoughts to an 

 object of a better character, though still a whim of 

 a petty prince, viz. the establishment of a school 

 on a military-monastic plan, where no effort should 

 be spared to give the pupils the best education oi" 

 which he could conceive. The duke sought for 



