SCHLEGEL SCHLEIERMACHER. 



121 



the Bibliotheca Italiana,lae wrote (in 1816), a very 

 learned treatise, in Italian, on the bronze horses at 

 Venice, which he declared to be Greek; another 

 treatise (in 1817) in the Bibliothvque Universclle, 

 at Geneva, on the group of Niobe, and, in the Zeit- 

 yenossen, a life of Necker ; remarks on the Proven- 

 9al language and literature, in French (1818); a 

 historical notice of John of Fiesole; and many other 

 pieces. In 1828, he defended himself, in a pamph- 

 let, against the reproach of crypto-Catholicism. 



His brother Frederic von Schlegel, born, as we 

 mentioned above, in 1772, was intended by his j 

 father for a merchant, but was liberally educated, 

 to leave him more freedom of choice. He became 

 dissatisfied with the mercantile life during his ap- 

 prenticeship at Leipsic, and his father withdrew 

 him from his situation there. He was now sixteen 

 years old, and devoted himself to philology with the 

 greatest zeal, one year in Gottingen, and the rest 

 in Leipsic ; and could say, when he had ended his 

 academic course, that there was no Greek or Latin 

 author of importance whom he had not read at least 

 once. About 1793, he first appeared as an author. 

 He contributed to several periodicals of reputation, 

 and, in 1797, produced his Greeks and Romans; 

 in ] 798, his Poetry of the Greeks and Romans (two 

 vols.), a sort of continuation of the first. In Ber- 

 lin, he undertook, in connexion with Schleiermacher 

 the translation of Plato, but soon abandoned the 

 project. In 1799, appeared the first volume of his 

 Lucinda, which remained unfinished, and is re- 

 proached by many as an idealization of voluptuous- 

 ness. In 1800, he settled as privatdocent at Jena, 

 and appeared for the first time as a poet, publishing 

 his productions in various periodicals. In 1802, he 

 lived some time in Dresden, and then delivered ' 

 lectures on philosophy in Paris, where he also pub- : 

 lished Europa, and occupied himself with the fine ! 

 arts, and the languages of the south, particularly 

 those of India. In 1808, he published a treatise 

 on the Language and wisdom of the Indians; in 

 1804, a collection of romantic poems, of the middle 

 ages, from printed sources and manuscripts, in two j 

 vols. ; and, in 1805, Lother and Mailer. We are 

 indebted to him for illustrations of the history of 

 Joan of Arc, drawn from the Notices et Extraits. \ 

 He now returned to Germany, went over, with his 

 wife, to the Catholic faith, at Cologne, and, in 

 1808, repaired to Vienna. In 1809, he received an 

 appointment at the head-quarters of the archduke 

 Charles, where he drew up several powerful pro- 

 clamations. When peace was concluded, he again 

 delivered lectures in Vienna, on modern history and 

 the literature of all nations. They were published 

 in 1811 and 1812. His limited views in regard to 

 religion, after his adoption of Catholicism, appear 

 particularly in his modern history. In 1812, h'e 

 published the German Museum, and gained the 

 confidence of prince Metternich by various diploma- 

 tic papers, in consequence of which he was appointed 

 Austrian counsellor of legation, at the diet in 

 Frankfort. In 1818, he returned to Vienna, where 

 he lived as secretary of the court, and counsellor of 

 legation, and published a View of the Present Poli- 

 tical Relations, and his complete works. In 1820, 

 he undertook a periodical, called Concordia, intend- 

 ed to unite the various opinions on church and 

 state; but he did not continue it long. He also 

 published, at a much earlier period, the Writings 

 of Novalis (see Hardenberg), in conjunction with 

 his friend Tieck, and volume I. of Florentine, writ- 

 ten by his wife. In 1807, he also published a Ger- 



man translation of Corinna, before the French ori- 

 ginal appeared. Since 1822, his complete works 

 have appeared in ten volumes, with some correc- 

 tions and additions. He died August 9, 1829. 

 The two brothers always lived on the best terms, 

 however great the difference of their views on some 

 points. The influence which they have exercised, 

 particularly Augustus William, on belles-lettres in 

 general, and especially in promoting a more correct 

 understanding of the literature of the middle ages, 

 is very great, and extends far beyond the confines 

 of their native country. They will be remembered 

 in the history of literature, as two minds of uncom- 

 mon vigour. 



SCHLEIERMACHER, FREDERIC DANIEL ER- 

 NEST, one of the most distinguished German theo- 

 logians and philologists, was born at Breslau, in 

 1768, and received his education at the academy of 

 the Moravian Brethren at Niesky. In 1787, he 

 ceased to be a member of this society, left Barby, 

 where he had begun the study of theology, and 

 went to Halle to continue it. In 1794, after hav- 

 ing been employed as a teacher, he was ordained a 

 clergyman, and appointed assistant preacher at 

 Landsberg on the Warte. From 1796 to 1802, he 

 was minister in the Charite (a great hospital) at 

 Berlin. During this period, he translated Fawcet's 

 Sermons (two vols.), contributed to the Athenaeum, 

 conducted by the two Schlegels, and wrote the 

 Discourses on Religion, and the Monologues, and 

 Letters of a Minister out of Berlin. He soon un- 

 dertook his translation of Plato. Few men ever 

 entered so deeply into the spirit of that author. 

 In 1802, he published his first collection of ser- 

 mons, which was afterwards followed by two 

 others. In 1802, he removed to Stolpe, where 

 he wrote his Critical View of Ethics. In the 

 same year, he was appointed professor extra- 

 ordinarius of theology at Halle, and preached to 

 the university. In 1807, when Halle was separated 

 from Prussia, he went to Berlin, and lectured there, 

 as well as preached, with the greatest boldness, on 

 the existing state of things, although a hostile force 

 under Davoust occupied the city. In 1809, he was 

 appointed preacher at the Trinity church in Berlin, 

 and married. In 1810, when the new university 

 was opened in that city, he was appointed professor 

 ordinarius, as he had been at Halle during the last 

 part of his residence there. In 1811, he was 

 elected a member of the academy of sciences, and, 

 in 1814, secretary of the philosophical class, when 

 he was released from the duties which he had dis- 

 charged in the department of public instruction in 

 the ministry of the interior. Many papers by him 

 appeared in the Memoirs of the academy, chiefly 

 relating to ancient philosophy. About this period 

 he wrote his View of the Study of Theology. 

 When Schmalz strove to lower the elevated feeling 

 of the people, after the wars of 1813, '14, and '15, 

 to a tone more convenient for an absolute govern- 

 ment, he brought out a pungent reply, character- 

 ized by a Platonic style of reasoning. His last 

 work was his Doctrines of the Christian Faith. 

 Few men equalled Schleiermacher in activity. He 

 delivered lectures in various departments of theo- 

 logy and philosophy. He preached every Sunday 

 (always without notes), besides writing much, and 

 having a wide circle of official labours. For many 

 years his church was crowded, and his lectures at 

 the university were attended by large numbers of 

 the students. He had many enthusiastic admirers; 

 but the mystical party regarded him with dislike 



