SCOTLAND (POPULATION) SCOTT. 



from the latter, although Scotland has made great 

 improvements in that respect within the last cen- 

 tury, and it is only in the lower walks of life that 

 any great distinction can now be drawn on the sub- 

 ject. In dress and household furniture, the Scot- 

 tish peasant and artizan are much better provided 

 than the Engli-h. 



The people of Scotland have long been noted for 

 their intelligence, moral worth, and industry : and 

 the success of a Scotchman in a foreign land has 

 almost become proverbial. Yet the Scotchman is 

 frequently accused of cunning and subserviency in 

 forwarding his fortunes. The boo-ing spirit of Sir 

 Archy M'Sycophant is often laid to his charge. 

 Whatever truth there may be in this, in individual 

 cases, the accusation, in general, is clearly the re- 

 sult of chagrin or envy at moral or mental superi- 

 ority. As a nation, at least, Scotland has shown 

 nothing of the boo-ing spirit. In the wars of inde- 

 pendence, England found her sufficiently inflexible. 

 At the Reformation, she was the first to draw the 

 sword, and did not, like her neighbour, put off and 

 on the new religion at the bidding of her monarch. 

 During the endeavour to establish episcopacy in the 

 land, the people showed little disposition to boo-ing, 

 when they took up their testament in the wilderness, 

 and periled all peace, domestic comfort, goods, life 

 for the sake of an abstract principle. When the 

 Stuart family was exiled and in misfortune, the 

 Scotch Jacobites were not the first to worship the 

 star iv the ascendant, but displayed a devotedness 

 and fidelity to their fallen prince, which we in vain 

 look for among the Jacobites of England. The 

 Scottish nation, in short, has throughout her whole 

 history displayed the reverse of that flexibility and 

 prudence which is commonly attributed to the indi- 

 viduals of the country, and which is supposed to 

 form one of their distinguishing characteristics. 

 Perhaps it may be, that the grave demeanour and 

 slow enunciation of the Scotch, may have led 

 strangers to over-estimate their caution ; for under 

 a sober exterior, it is certain the Scotchman che- 

 rishes ardent and impetuous passions ; and in all the 

 social relations of life in warmth of feeling, in 

 profuse hospitality, and in strong attachments to 

 kindred and friends he assimilates more to the 

 character of his Celtic brethren, the Irish, than his 

 Saxon brethren, the English 



Population In the article Britain, will be found 



Tables of the Population of the United Kingdom. 

 We need only here subjoin the following summary 

 of the population of Scotland from the year 1700 

 to 1841: 



CONTENTS OF THE ARTICLE SCOTLAND. 



SCOTLAND, 



Civil History, 



Ecclesiastical History, 



Antiquities, 



Descriptive Geography, 

 Natural Productions, 



Agriculture, 



Manufactures and Commerce, 

 Political Constitution, 



Revenue, 



Jurisprudence, 



Language, 



literature, 



Social State, 



Population, 



Page 

 140 



ib. 

 151 

 153 



ib. 

 155 

 156 

 157 

 158 

 159 



ib. 

 160 



ib. 

 161 



SCOTT, MICHAEL; a celebrated Scottish phi- 

 losopher, and reputed magician, of the thirteenth 

 century, lie made an early progress in the lan- 

 guages and the mathematics, and, after residing in 

 France some years, repaired to Germany, and up- 

 plied closely to the study of medicine and chemistry. 

 On quitting Germany, he proceeded to England, 

 and was received with great favour by Edward II. 

 After his return to his native country, he received 

 the honour of knighthood from Alexander III., by 

 whom he was also confidentially employed. He 

 died at an advanced age, in 1291. Michael Scott 

 was a man of considerable learning 'for his time, 

 and, being much addicted to the study of the oc- 

 cult sciences, passed among his contemporaries for 

 a magician, and as such is mentioned by Boccaccio 

 and Dante. He is supposed to have been buried in 

 Melrose abbey, and his books were either interred 

 in his grave, or preserved in the abbey. He is au- 

 thor of De Secretis Naturae ; De Natura Solis et 

 Lunce; On the Transmutation of Metals; Mensu 

 Philosophica, a treatise replete with the visionary 

 sciences of chiromancy and astrology. See Mac- 

 kenzie's Lives. 



SCOTT, THOMAS, an eminent evangelical clergy- 

 man of the English church, was the son of a far- 

 mer, and born in 1747, in Lincolnshire. After 

 having acquired some acquaintance with classical 

 learning, he was, at the age of sixteen, apprenticed 

 to a surgeon and apothecary at Alford, in his na- 

 tive county. In this situation he staid only two 

 months; and then, returning home, he was em- 

 ployed in his father's business. Having a strong 

 inclination to enter into the church, he applied 

 himself closely to study, and obtained a consider- 

 able knowledge of both the Latin and Greek lan- 

 guages. In 1773, he was ordained. Becoming 

 acquainted with Mr Newton, curate of Olney, he 

 was converted to Calvinism, in the defence of 

 which, both from the pulpit and the press, he 

 greatly distinguished himself. In 1781, he removed 

 to Olney, and, in 1785, to London, having obtained 

 the chaplainship of the Lock chapel, near Hyde- 

 Park corner. In 1801, he was appointed rector of 

 Aston Sanford, in Buckinghamshire, where he died 

 April 16, 1821. He published, in 1779, a tract, 

 entitled the Force of Truth, 8vo., which was fol- 

 lowed by several single sermons, and other works ; 

 but his principal productions are a Defence of Cal- 

 vinism, against bishop Tomline ; and a Commentary 

 on the Bible, 6 vols. quarto. 



SCOTT, SIR WALTER, bart., a distinguished 

 poet, but still more distinguished as a novelist, being 

 indeed, in fertility of invention, range of charac- 

 ter, and truth of description, the greatest that any 

 age or country has produced, was born in Edinburgh, 

 August 15, 1771. He was a younger son of Mr 

 Walter Scott, writer to the signet, by Anne, 

 daughter of Dr John Rutherford, professor of the 

 practice of medicine in the university of Edinburgh. 

 Sir Walter's father was grandson to a younger son 

 of Scott of Raeburn, a branch of the ancient baro- 

 nial house of Harden ; and his mother was grand- 

 daughter to Sir John Swinton, of Svvinton, in Ber- 

 wickshire. Being an ailing child, he was sent at 

 a very early period of life to Sandyknow, a farm 

 near the bottom of Leader water, in Roxburgh- 

 shire, occupied by his paternal grandfather, where 

 he had ample opportunities of storing his mind with 

 border tradition. The first school he attended is 

 said to have been one in Kelso, taught by a Mr 

 Whale, where he had for school-fellows James and 



