172 



SCULPTURE. 



at Florence, the brazen statues of St Peter, St 

 George and St Mark; tin- latter is particularly 

 memorable for the question of .Michael Angelo: 

 "Marco, perche non mi parlif (Mark, why dost 

 thou not speak to me?) His brother Simon made 

 one of the brazen gates of the church of St Peter, 

 and the sepulchre of Martin V., in the Lateran 

 church. Andreas Pisano was an illustrious sculp- 

 tor and engraver. Lorenzo Lotto, called Loren- 

 zetto, was the first who endeavoured to restore an- 

 tiques. Andreas Verrocchio, from jealousy of his 

 pupils Perugino and Leonardo da Vinci, abandoned 

 painting, and devoted himself to sculpture. He 

 \\.is the first who revived the art of modelling the 

 busts of the deceased in soft substances. Rustici, 

 born at Florence, in 1470, was the disciple of Ver- 

 rocchio, and afterwards of Leon, da Vinci. The 

 latter taught him the art of modelling, of cutting 

 marble, of casting in brass, and perspective. His 

 most celebrated works are a Europa, a Leda, a 

 Vulcan, and a Neptune. Michael Angelo Buona- 

 rotti (q. v.), in his early youth, executed some 

 astonishing works, as the head of an old woman, 

 and the statue of Hercules. Particularly worthy 

 of admiration are his Bacchus, the famous colossal 

 statue of Julius II., for whose tomb he made three 

 figures, among which is his famous Moses, his 

 David, his Victory at Florence, and his statue of 

 Night upon the tomb of Giulio de' Medici. Tatti, 

 called after his birth-place Sansovino, born 1477, 

 when a youth, at Rome, made a model of the 

 Group of Laocoon, which, by Raphael's decision, 

 obtained the prize, and was cast in bronze. He 

 executed many works for Venice, among which the 

 marble statues of the holy Virgin in St Mark's, 

 and of John the Baptist in the church at Casa 

 Grande, are particularly celebrated. The ease of 

 his drapery and the line of his statues are much 

 admired. Baccio Bandinelli, born at Florence in 

 1487, vied with Buonarotti. He had a great know- 

 ledge of anatomy ; his manner is energetic but rude. 

 He restored the right arm of Laocoon ; his bass-re- 

 liefs upon the tombs of Leo X. and Clement VII., 

 are famous. Benvenuto Cellini, born at Florence 

 in 1500, was a sculptor, goldsmith and painter. 

 Properzia Rossi, of Bologna, is the only celebrated 

 female sculptor. Two angels in marble, which 

 adorn the front of the church of St Petronia, and 

 several busts, were the foundation of her fame. 

 She represented, with much skill and delicacy, the 

 passion of Christ, and many figures -of the apostles, 

 upon peach-stones, in bass-relief. Eleven of these 

 peach-stones are preserved in the gallery of the 

 marchcse Grassi at Bologna. She studied the rules 

 of architecture and perspective, and was an able 

 painter and musician. An unhappy passion caused 

 her early death, in 1530. She sculptured the 

 melancholy story of her feelings in marble, and this 

 bass-relief was her masterpiece. Guglielmo della 

 Porta, of Milan, restored several antiques in Rome ; 

 he restored also the legs of the Farnese Hercules 

 so well, that Buonarotti did not consider the 

 genuine legs, which he found twenty-seven years 

 after, superior. The beautiful statue of Justice 

 upon the tomb of Paul III., in the church of St 

 Peter's, is by this master, as well as the four great 

 prophets in the niches between the columns of the 

 first colonnade of the same church. With Bernini, 

 born at Naples, 1598, a second period of Italian 

 sculpture begins. He was a man of uncommon 

 genius, but his boldness, his imagination, and particu- 

 larly his endeavours to please, generally seduced him 



into irregularities; he attempted to surpass natural 

 beauty, particularly in the dimples in the cheeks. 

 His St Theresa and St Bibiana were his ma-ter- 

 pieces. Alessandro Algardi (q. v.), born at Bolo- 

 gna, was the rival of Bernini. He was a disciple of 

 Ludovico Caracci; and the painter is often dis- 

 coverable in his works. He was the founder of a 

 numerous school. Domenico Guido, Antonio Rag- 

 gi, Ercole Ferrata, and Gabr. Brunelli, are distin- 

 guished among the numerous disciples of the two 

 last masters. Gonnelli, called the blind man of 

 Cambassi, lost his eyesight in his twentieth year, 

 and made himself a sculptor by feeling alone. He 

 executed a statue of Cosmo I., grand-duke of Tus- 

 cany, in terra cotla. Tubi, born at Rome, 1630, 

 sculptured much for France. He made the famous 

 group upon the tomb of Turenne. Caniillo Rns- 

 coni, born at Milan in 1658, was an admirer of the 

 ancient works of art, and imitated them in a mas- 

 terly manner. His masterpiece is the tomb of 

 Gregory XIII., in St Peter's. The attitude of his 

 figures is majestic and beautiful; his style is pure, 

 full of expression, fire and life. Angelo Rossi, 

 born at Genoa in 1671, chiefly distinguished himself 

 by his excellent reliefs. He followed rather the 

 taste of the ancients than the style of Algardi, not 

 cutting so deep, but forming rather dcmi-reliefs. 

 His work of this kind, for the tomb of Alexander 

 VIII., is the finest bass-relief in St Peter's. Gae- 

 tano Zumbo, born at Syracuse, 1656, had no other 

 master than his own genius. He carried the work- 

 ing in coloured wax to great perfection. He made, 

 for the grand duke of Tuscany, the famous repre- 

 sentation of putrefaction, showing all its stages in 

 five corpses, coloured after nature, with so much 

 truth as to excite horror. A Birth of the Saviour, 

 and a Descent from the Cross, are among his mas- 

 terpieces. 



2. French Sculptors Jean Goujon, of Paris, is 

 the first distinguished sculptor in France : and his 

 most celebrated work is the fountain of the Nymphs, 

 in the market-place des Innocents at Paris, which 

 he began under Francis I., and finished in 1550, 

 under Henry II. He was also an architect and an 

 engraver. He perished, in 1572, in the massacre 

 of St Bartholomew's. Germain Pilon, of Paris, 

 had much grace, but his style was often impure. 

 He first accurately distinguished the various ma- 

 terials of the drapery. The group of the three 

 Christian Virtues, in white marble, for the church 

 of St Celestine, is a noble work. Jean de Bou- 

 logne was born at Douay, in 1524. He went early 

 to Rome, and was Buonarotti's disciple. He was 

 on the point of leaving Rome on account of his 

 poverty, when an amateur at Florence gave him a 

 piece of marble, out of which he formed a Venus, 

 by which he gained celebrity. His most celebrated 

 works are Sampson and a Philistine, at Florence, 

 his colossal Neptune, and his Rape of the Sabine 

 Women, in the same place, his flying Mercury, 

 in brass, and his Jupiter Pluvius, the greatest co- 

 lossus of modern art. His disciple Tacca made 

 the horse for the statue of Henry IV., upon the Pont- 

 neuf, and the equestrian statue of Philip IV., king 

 of Spain, represented at full speed in Buen Retire. 

 Jacques Sarrassin, born at Noyon, 1590, was edu- i 

 cated in Rome, and united genius with taste and 

 grace. The Caryatides, which adorn the great 

 pavilion of the old Louvre, and the Group ot 

 Romulus and Remus in Versailles, are among his 

 masterpieces. He founded a productive school, 

 and died in 1660. Fra^ois Anguier made the 



