STONE WARE STORTHING. 



417 



of lithotomy may he performed in four different ways : 

 1. By the apparatus tninor, an operation described 

 by Celsus, and very simple, requiring few instru- 

 ments; whence the name. The operator intro- 

 duces his middle finger and fore finger up the anus, 

 and endeavours to bring the stone toward the neck 

 of the bladder. He then cuts on the left side of 

 the perinaeum, directly on the stone. 2. In the 

 high operation, the bladder is opened on the oppo- 

 site side, over the pubes. 3. When the apparatus 

 major is applied, the urethra is widened so much, 

 that a forceps can be introduced, and the stone ex- 

 tracted. The name of apparatus major is used on 

 account of the number of instruments required. 4. 

 The lateral operation is generally considered as the 

 safest and most effectual, and is the most common. 

 Its object is to divide that part of the urethra 

 which suffered extremely in the application of the 

 apparatus major, from the means used to distend it ; 

 and as the lower side of the urethra cannot be di- 

 vided far enough, without the rectum being wounded, 

 the cut is directed sideways. This is the reason 

 of the name. Lately, the operation of cutting the 

 hladder through the rectum has been introduced. 



STONE WARE. Under the denomination 

 stone ware are comprehended all the different arti- 

 ficial combinations of earthy bodies which are ap- 

 plied to useful purposes. See China Ware and 

 Pottery. 



STONES, PRECIOUS. See Gems. 



STONES, SHOWERS OF. See Meteoric Stones. 



STONEHENGE. See Salisbury Plain. 



STOOL OF REPENTANCE. See Cutty Stool. 



STOP; a word applied by violin aiid violoncello 

 performers to that pressure of the strings by which 

 they are brought into contact with the finger-board, 

 and by which the pitch of the note is determined. 

 Hence a string, when so pressed, is said to be stop- 

 ped. Stop of an organ; a collection of pipes simi- 

 lar in tone and quality, which run through the 

 whole, or a great part, of the compass of the instru- 

 ment. In a great organ, the stops are numerous 

 and multifarious. 



STOP-LAWS. See Execution. 



STORAX; gum-resin, obtained by incisions in 

 the branches of a small tree (styrat officinnlis), 

 which grows wild in the countries about the Medi- 

 terranean. The leaves are alternate, oval, petio- 

 late, green above, whitish and downy beneath, re- 

 sembling those of the quince. The flowers are 

 disposed in racemes, white, and very much resemble 

 those of the orange. The fruit is whitish and 

 downy, juiceless, and contains one or two angular 

 nuts. The storax of commerce is chiefly obtained 

 from Asiatic Turkey. It has a fragrant odour, 

 and an agreeable, slightly pungent, and aromatic 

 taste ;. is stimulant, and in some degree expectorant. 

 Formerly it was much employed in medicine, but 

 now is little used, except in perfumes. Benzoin is 

 a gum-resin, obtained, in a similar manner, from a 

 species of styrax, growing wild in the East Indies. 



STORK (eittwiYz). These tall and stately birds 

 are easily distinguished from the herons by the 

 small mouth, the angle not reaching beyond the 

 eyes, as with the last; the beak is also destitute of 

 the nasal furrow, but is similar in other respects, is 

 straight, long, pointed, and compressed. Most of 

 them inhabit Europe, especially between the tropics. 

 They walk slowly, with measured steps; but their 

 flight is powerful and long continued. They have 

 no voice, but produce a clattering with their bills, 

 l>v striking the mandibles together. Their food 



VI. 



consists of fish, reptiles, small quadrupeds, worms, 

 and insects. The common stork of Europe (C. 

 alba) is about four feet in length, from the tip of 

 the beak to the extremity of the nails. The pre- 

 vailing colour of the plumage is white, with some 

 black about the wings. It is found throughout the 

 greater part of Europe, but passes the winter in 

 Africa. It takes up its residence and breeds in the 

 midst of cities, and is everywhere protected, as it 

 renders important services in destroying noxious 

 animals. Among the ancients, to kill them was 

 considered a crime, which, in some places, was 

 punished even with death; and, like the ibis, this 

 bird became an object of worship. The stork is 

 remarkable for its great affection towards its young, 

 but especially for its attention to its parents in old 

 age. The gigantic stork, or adjutant of Bengal ( C. 

 argala"), is a celebrated bird, very common about 

 the mouths of the Ganges, and even in the streets of 

 Calcutta, where it is protected by law, as also in 

 other parts of the East Indies. It is stoutly 

 framed, and the extreme length is nearly seven feet. 

 The head and neck are destitute of feathers, and 

 covered with a reddish and callous skin ; and from 

 the middle of the latter hangs a fleshy appendage. 

 The bill is enormously large. It lives on reptiles, 

 fish, &c., and even on quadrupeds, whose bones it 

 breaks previously to swallowing. In captivity its 

 gluttony is extreme. 



STORR, GOTTLOB CHRISTIAN, doctor of the- 

 ology, consistorial counsellor and first minister to 

 the court at Stuttgart, was born, in 1746, at Stutt- 

 gart, where he died in 1805. Storr was distin- 

 guished for his pious life, and faithful fulfilment of 

 his duties as professor of theology and preacher at 

 Tiibingen, as well as for his great learning, exhi- 

 bited in various works, among which are his Ob- 

 servations on the Syriac Translations of the New 

 Testament, in 177'2, and on the Arabian Gospels, 

 in 1775, both in German; Observationes ad Analo- 

 giam et Srjnta.vin Hebraicam pertinentes (1779); his 

 Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews; his 

 learned treatise On the true Object of Christ's 

 Death (2d ed. Tubingen, 1809); On the Object of 

 the Evangelical History, and the Epistles of John 

 (1786); New Defence of the Revelation of John 

 (1783), the Dissertationes in Apocalypsis queedam 

 Loca belonging to it, and his Doctrine Christiana: 

 Pars theoret. e sacr. Lit. repetita (1793). 



STORTHING ; the Norwegian diet (from Thing, 

 assembly, and star, great, elevated). The citizens 

 qualified to vote choose electors, who, from among 

 themselves or their constituents, select the repre- 

 sentatives, whose number is not to be under seven- 

 ty-five, nor above one hundred. A member of the 

 storthing must be thirty years old ; must have re- 

 sided ten years in the realm ; must hold no office, 

 civil or military; must not be attached to the court, 

 nor receive a pension. Generally the storthing is 

 held every third year, at the beginning of February, 

 in the capital, Christiania. After the storthing is 

 opened by the king or his deputy, it chooses one 

 fourth part of its members to form the logthing : the 

 other three fourths form the odelsthitig. Each thing 

 holds its sessions separately, and with open doors, 

 mid the debates are published, unless a resolution 

 to the contrary be passed. The storthing is au- 

 thorized to make and abolish laws ; toimpose tuxes; 

 open loans; see that the finances are properly ad- 

 ministered; grant the civil list, c. The govern- 

 ment protocols, and all public papers, including 

 treaties with foreign powers, must be laid before 

 2n 



